Clonidine - Revision history

MDElliottMD: parser-claude: Clonidine MedTemplate pre-fill, Top 300 #82 (stub upgrade)

2026-05-23T06:18:29Z

parser-claude: Clonidine MedTemplate pre-fill, Top 300 #82 (stub upgrade)

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:18, 23 May 2026
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	{{MedTemplate		{{MedTemplate
	\| generic = Clonidine		\| generic = Clonidine
	\| brand = Kapvay		\| brand = Kapvay (ER, ADHD), Catapres (IR, antihypertensive), Catapres-TTS (transdermal patch), Duraclon (epidural injection)
	\| structure =		\| structure =
	\| classes = Alpha-2 ~~agonist, ADHD medicine~~		\| classes = [[:Category:Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists\|Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist]], [[:Category:ADHD medicines\|ADHD medicine]], [[:Category:Antihypertensives\|Antihypertensive]], [[:Category:Opioid withdrawal medicines\|Opioid withdrawal medicine]]
	\| ~~mechanism =~~ Alpha-2 adrenergic ~~receptor~~ agonist		\| uses = <vote slug="adhd-clonidine-use">Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Kapvay ER, monotherapy or adjunct to psychostimulants)</vote>, <vote slug="hypertension-use">Hypertension (historical indication, less common in current practice)</vote>, <vote slug="opioid-withdrawal-management-use">Opioid withdrawal symptom management (autonomic hyperactivity)</vote>, <vote slug="tic-disorders-use">Tic disorders / Tourette syndrome (off-label)</vote>, <vote slug="menopausal-hot-flashes-use">Menopausal hot flashes (off-label)</vote>, <vote slug="severe-cancer-pain-epidural-use">Severe cancer pain (epidural, Duraclon)</vote>, <vote slug="procedural-sedation-premed-use">Procedural sedation premedication (off-label)</vote>
	\| uses =		\| starting_dose = ADHD (Kapvay ER): 0.1 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 0.4 mg/day divided BID. HTN (IR): 0.1 mg PO BID, titrate by 0.1 mg increments
	\| starting_dose =		\| preparations = IR tablets 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg; ER tablets 0.1, 0.2 mg (Kapvay); transdermal patches 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/24h (TTS-1/2/3, weekly); epidural injection (Duraclon)
	\| preparations =		\| fda_max = 2.4 mg/day (HTN, IR); 0.4 mg/day (ADHD, Kapvay)
	\| fda_max =		\| pill_id =
	\| routes =		\| routes = Oral, transdermal, epidural injection
	\| onset =		\| onset = 30-60 min (IR oral); 2-3 days to steady state (transdermal patch)
	\| duration =		\| duration = 8-12 hours (IR); ~7 days (transdermal patch)
	\| halflife =		\| halflife = 12-16 hours<ref name="kapvay-label">FDA Prescribing Information, Kapvay (clonidine hydrochloride extended-release), Concordia/Bausch, current revision. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/022331s000lbl.pdf</ref>
	~~\| bioavailability =~~		\| bioavailability = ~75-85% (oral); ~60% (transdermal at steady state)<ref name="kapvay-label" />
	~~\| pregnancy~~ =		\| pregnancy = Older agent with substantial use experience but limited controlled data; case reports of neonatal sedation and transient hypertension with maternal use near term.{{citation needed}}
	~~\| legal~~ =		\| legal = [[USLegal:Prescription only\|Rx-only]] in US. Not a controlled substance, like guanfacine and unlike the psychostimulant alternatives for ADHD<ref name="kapvay-label" />
	\| ~~intro =~~		\| mechanism = <vote slug="clonidine-mech-claim">Centrally-acting α2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Less subtype-selective than guanfacine, so engages α2A, α2B, and α2C with associated greater sedation and more peripheral sympatholytic effect. In ADHD the proposed mechanism parallels guanfacine (prefrontal α2A strengthening of working-memory and attention circuits); in opioid withdrawal, central sympatholytic action blunts the autonomic hyperactivity (sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, anxiety, lacrimation) that drives early withdrawal distress; in hypertension, brainstem α2 activation reduces sympathetic outflow.</vote> Sedation and orthostatic hypotension are the dose-limiting effects, and abrupt discontinuation can precipitate '''rebound hypertension''' that is more severe than with guanfacine, particularly at higher chronic doses. Gradual taper is essential<ref name="kapvay-label" />.
	~~\| pharmacokinetics~~ =
	~~\| pharmacodynamics~~ =
	\| ~~indications~~ =
	\| ~~dosing~~ =
	\| ~~effects~~ =
	~~\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions~~/>
	\| ~~pregnancy_details =~~
	~~\| monitoring~~ =
	~~\| counseling~~ =
	~~\| anecdotes =~~
	~~\| seealso =~~
	~~\| references~~ =
	}}		}}

			== References ==
	~~[[Category:Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists]]~~		<references />
	~~[[Category:Anti-addiction agents]]~~

MDElliottMD: Category taxonomy ship: retag Addiction Medicine -> Anti-addiction agents

2026-05-22T00:36:12Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Addiction Medicine -> Anti-addiction agents

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:36, 22 May 2026
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	[[Category:Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists]]		[[Category:Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists]]
	[[Category:~~Addiction Medicine~~]]		[[Category:Anti-addiction agents]]

MDElliottMD: Tier 2 taxonomy consolidation: Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD) -> Category:Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists; remove Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal

2026-05-21T18:28:26Z

Tier 2 taxonomy consolidation: Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD) -> Category:Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists; remove Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:28, 21 May 2026
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	[[Category:Alpha-2 Agonists ~~(for ADHD)]]~~		[[Category:Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists]]
	~~[[Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal~~]]
	[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]		[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]

MDElliottMD: Remove Category:Psychostimulants tag (second pass after duplicate-tag situation)

2026-05-18T01:01:04Z

Remove Category:Psychostimulants tag (second pass after duplicate-tag situation)

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:01, 18 May 2026
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	~~[[Category:Psychostimulants]]~~
	[[Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD)]]		[[Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD)]]
	[[Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal]]		[[Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal]]
	[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]		[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]

MDElliottMD: Remove Category:Psychostimulants tag (not a psychostimulant — sedative/anxiolytic/anticonvulsant/non-stimulant carryover from Stimulants & Wake-Promoting Agents rename)

2026-05-18T00:48:04Z

Remove Category:Psychostimulants tag (not a psychostimulant — sedative/anxiolytic/anticonvulsant/non-stimulant carryover from Stimulants & Wake-Promoting Agents rename)

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:48, 18 May 2026
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	~~[[Category:Psychostimulants]]~~
	[[Category:Psychostimulants]]		[[Category:Psychostimulants]]
	[[Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD)]]		[[Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD)]]
	[[Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal]]		[[Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal]]
	[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]		[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]

MDElliottMD: Recategorize: Stimulants -> Psychostimulants

2026-05-17T10:50:35Z

Recategorize: Stimulants -> Psychostimulants

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:50, 17 May 2026
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	[[Category:~~Stimulants~~]]		[[Category:Psychostimulants]]
	[[Category:Psychostimulants]]		[[Category:Psychostimulants]]
	[[Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD)]]		[[Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD)]]
	[[Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal]]		[[Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal]]
	[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]		[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]

MDElliottMD: Recategorize: Stimulants & Wake-Promoting Agents -> Stimulants

2026-05-17T10:44:48Z

Recategorize: Stimulants & Wake-Promoting Agents -> Stimulants

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:44, 17 May 2026
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	[[Category:Stimulants ~~& Wake-Promoting Agents~~]]		[[Category:Stimulants]]
	[[Category:Psychostimulants]]		[[Category:Psychostimulants]]
	[[Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD)]]		[[Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD)]]
	[[Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal]]		[[Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal]]
	[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]		[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]

MDElliottMD: Comprehensive categorization: +Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD), Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal, Addiction Medicine

2026-05-15T18:42:06Z

Comprehensive categorization: +Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD), Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal, Addiction Medicine

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:42, 15 May 2026
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	[[Category:Stimulants & Wake-Promoting Agents]]		[[Category:Stimulants & Wake-Promoting Agents]]
	[[Category:Psychostimulants]]		[[Category:Psychostimulants]]
			[[Category:Alpha-2 Agonists (for ADHD)]]
			[[Category:Alpha-2 agonists for withdrawal]]
			[[Category:Addiction Medicine]]

MediaWiki default: Assign pharmacological categories from List_of_CNS-active_medicines

2026-05-14T15:06:55Z

Assign pharmacological categories from List_of_CNS-active_medicines

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:06, 14 May 2026
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	}}		}}


			[[Category:Stimulants & Wake-Promoting Agents]]
	[[Category:Psychostimulants]]		[[Category:Psychostimulants]]

MDElliottMD: Pharmacopedia: add

2026-05-14T03:30:46Z

Pharmacopedia: add <pharmaInteractions/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:30, 14 May 2026
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	\| dosing =		\| dosing =
	\| effects =		\| effects =
	\| interactions =		\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	\| pregnancy_details =		\| pregnancy_details =
	\| monitoring =		\| monitoring =