MDElliottMD: home-claude category backfill (parser-claude gap closure)

2026-05-23T10:43:34Z

home-claude category backfill (parser-claude gap closure)

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:43, 23 May 2026
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	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />
			[[Category:Antifungals]]
			[[Category:Topical antifungals]]

MDElliottMD: parser-claude batch MedTemplate pre-fill, Top 300 #140

2026-05-23T03:51:56Z

parser-claude batch MedTemplate pre-fill, Top 300 #140

New page

{{MedTemplate
| generic = Ketoconazole
| brand = Nizoral (oral discontinued in US for most fungal indications; topical still widely available)
| structure =
| classes = [[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal (imidazole)]], [[:Category:Topical_antifungals|Topical antifungal]]
| uses = <vote slug="seborrheic-dermatitis-use">Seborrheic dermatitis (topical)</vote>, <vote slug="tinea-versicolor-use">Tinea versicolor (topical)</vote>, <vote slug="cushing-medical-management-use">Medical management of Cushing's syndrome (off-label oral, specialty use)</vote>, <vote slug="advanced-prostate-cancer-use">Off-label oral in advanced prostate cancer (rare)</vote>
| starting_dose = Topical 2% shampoo twice weekly for seborrheic dermatitis or tinea versicolor; oral use restricted by 2013 FDA action to indications where alternatives have failed
| preparations = 1% (OTC), 2% (Rx) shampoo; 2% cream; 2% gel; 200 mg oral tablet (rarely used now)
| fda_max = Topical: regimen-specific; oral: 400 mg/d in remaining specialty indications
| pill_id =
| routes = Topical (cream, shampoo, gel); oral (restricted)
| onset = Topical hours; oral days
| duration = Hours per application (topical); 24 hours (oral)
| halflife = Topical: not meaningfully described; oral 2-8 hours<ref name="nizoral-label">FDA Prescribing Information, Nizoral (ketoconazole), Janssen, current revision (with 2013 black box and indication restriction). https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/018533s039lbl.pdf</ref>
| bioavailability = Topical: minimal systemic; oral: pH-dependent, requires gastric acid<ref name="nizoral-label" />
| pregnancy = Topical generally safe; oral avoided.{{citation needed}}
| legal = OTC (1% shampoo) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher strengths, oral) in US. Oral form carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for hepatotoxicity and is restricted by FDA to refractory fungal infections where no alternatives are available
| mechanism = <vote slug="ketoconazole-mech-claim">Ketoconazole inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (CYP51), blocking conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol and disrupting fungal cell membrane integrity.</vote> Off-target inhibition of mammalian CYP enzymes (especially CYP17, CYP11) at therapeutic systemic concentrations underlies the anti-androgen and anti-cortisol effects exploited in prostate cancer and Cushing's, but also drives oral ketoconazole's adverse profile (gynecomastia, adrenal insufficiency, hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation). Topical use largely avoids these systemic toxicities<ref name="nizoral-label" />.
}}

== References ==
<references />

Ketoconazole - Revision history

MDElliottMD: home-claude category backfill (parser-claude gap closure)

MDElliottMD: parser-claude batch MedTemplate pre-fill, Top 300 #140