Morphine - Revision history

MDElliottMD: parser-claude: Morphine MedTemplate refill, Top 300 stub upgrade

2026-05-23T07:07:16Z

parser-claude: Morphine MedTemplate refill, Top 300 stub upgrade

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:07, 23 May 2026
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	{{MedTemplate		{{MedTemplate
	\| generic = Morphine		\| generic = Morphine (sulfate)
	\| brand =		\| brand = MS Contin (ER), Kadian (ER), Avinza (ER), Roxanol (IR oral solution), Duramorph (epidural / IT), Astramorph (IV), Infumorph (intrathecal pump), MorphaBond (IR abuse-deterrent)
	\| structure =		\| structure =
	\| classes = Opioid, Analgesic		\| classes = [[:Category:Opioid analgesics\|Opioid analgesic (natural phenanthrene from opium poppy)]], [[:Category:Schedule II controlled substances\|Schedule II controlled substance]], [[:Category:Analgesics\|Analgesic]]
	\| ~~mechanism~~ = Mu-opioid ~~receptor agonist~~		\| uses = <vote slug="moderate-severe-acute-pain-use">Moderate to severe acute pain (FDA)</vote>, <vote slug="severe-chronic-pain-use">Severe chronic pain unresponsive to non-opioid alternatives (FDA, with CDC opioid prescribing guidance constraints)</vote>, <vote slug="cancer-pain-use">Cancer pain (FDA; the global gold standard, WHO essential medicine)</vote>, <vote slug="preoperative-analgesia-use">Preoperative analgesia (FDA)</vote>, <vote slug="epidural-intrathecal-pain-use">Epidural and intrathecal pain management (FDA)</vote>
	\| ~~uses~~ =		\| starting_dose = IR oral: 15-30 mg every 4 hours as needed. ER opioid-naive: 15-30 mg every 12 hours. IV/IM/SC: 2-10 mg every 3-4 hours. Epidural / intrathecal: see surgical or palliative-care protocols
	\| ~~starting_dose~~ =		\| preparations = IR tablets 15, 30 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL, 20 mg/mL, 100 mg/5 mL (concentrated); suppositories; ER tablets and capsules in multiple strengths; injectable 0.5-50 mg/mL
	\| ~~preparations~~ =		\| fda_max = No fixed ceiling; titrate to clinical effect and tolerability with CDC opioid prescribing guidance constraints on morphine-milligram-equivalent (MME) totals
	\| ~~fda_max~~ =		\| pill_id =
	\| routes =		\| routes = Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural, intrathecal, rectal
	\| onset =		\| onset = 5-10 minutes (IV); 30 minutes (oral IR); slower for ER and rectal
	\| duration =		\| duration = 3-5 hours (IR); 8-24 hours (ER); 12-24 hours (epidural / intrathecal)
	\| halflife =		\| halflife = Morphine 2-4 hours; morphine-6-glucuronide active metabolite 2-4 hours (longer with renal impairment)<ref name="mscontin-label">FDA Prescribing Information, MS Contin (morphine sulfate extended-release), Purdue/Mallinckrodt, current revision. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/019516s058lbl.pdf</ref>
	~~\| bioavailability =~~		\| bioavailability = ~25-40% (oral; extensive first-pass)<ref name="mscontin-label" />
	~~\| pregnancy~~ =		\| pregnancy = Chronic third-trimester exposure produces neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and respiratory depression at delivery.{{citation needed}}
	~~\| legal~~ =		\| legal = [[USLegal:Schedule II\|Schedule II controlled substance]] in US; WHO essential medicine<ref name="mscontin-label" />
	\| ~~intro =~~		\| mechanism = <vote slug="morphine-mech-claim">'''Prototype μ-opioid receptor agonist''', the natural reference compound from which all other opioid analgesics are characterized by relative potency. Metabolized predominantly by UGT2B7 glucuronidation to morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G, inactive at μ but possibly neuroexcitatory at high concentrations) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G, active μ agonist, more potent than parent morphine and renally eliminated, so accumulates in renal impairment to produce prolonged respiratory depression).</vote> Histamine release with IV bolus produces flushing and hypotension. Crucially, morphine is '''not''' CYP2D6-dependent (no metabolic activation step is needed, unlike codeine and hydrocodone), so analgesic efficacy is genotype-independent. The Schedule II status and the CDC opioid prescribing guidance shape current clinical use<ref name="mscontin-label" />.
	~~\| pharmacokinetics~~ =
	~~\| pharmacodynamics~~ =
	\| ~~indications~~ =
	\| ~~dosing~~ =
	\| ~~effects~~ =
	~~\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions~~/>
	\| ~~pregnancy_details =~~
	~~\| monitoring~~ =
	~~\| counseling~~ =
	~~\| anecdotes =~~
	~~\| seealso =~~
	~~\| references~~ =
	}}		}}


	{{PendellsCorner		{{PendellsCorner
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	}}		}}

	[[Category:~~Opioids~~]]		== References ==
			<references />

			[[Category:Opioid analgesics]]
			[[Category:Schedule II controlled substances]]
			[[Category:Analgesics]]
	[[Category:Natural opioids]]		[[Category:Natural opioids]]
	~~[[Category:Analgesics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Mu-Opioid Receptor Agonists]]~~

Maintenance script: Pendell's corner: verbatim (Poeia, p. 123)

2026-05-15T22:16:53Z

Pendell's corner: verbatim (Poeia, p. 123)

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:16, 15 May 2026
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	{{PendellsCorner		{{PendellsCorner
	\| quote = ~~Sertürner isolated her in 1804 and gave her the name of the god of sleep. She~~ is the ~~molecule that proved alkaloids existed; she~~ is ~~the prototype of every opioid that came after; she~~ is the ~~standard the modern pharmacopeia uses to measure the~~ analgesic ~~potency of newer cousins. Opium remembered itself~~ in ~~her~~, and the ~~rest of the field is footnote~~.		\| quote = Opium is the archetypal medicine, and morphine is its essence. Morphine is the most powerful naturally occurring analgesic in the world, and the synthetics use opium as their precursor.
	\| volume = Poeia		\| volume = Poeia
	\| ~~voice~~ = ~~curated paraphrase — replace with verbatim passage~~		\| page = 123
	}}		}}

Maintenance script: Add Pendell's corner (Poeia)

2026-05-15T21:43:10Z

Add Pendell's corner (Poeia)

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:43, 15 May 2026
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	}}		}}


			{{PendellsCorner
			\| quote = Sertürner isolated her in 1804 and gave her the name of the god of sleep. She is the molecule that proved alkaloids existed; she is the prototype of every opioid that came after; she is the standard the modern pharmacopeia uses to measure the analgesic potency of newer cousins. Opium remembered itself in her, and the rest of the field is footnote.
			\| volume = Poeia
			\| voice = curated paraphrase — replace with verbatim passage
			}}

	[[Category:Opioids]]		[[Category:Opioids]]

MDElliottMD: Comprehensive categorization: +Mu-Opioid Receptor Agonists

2026-05-15T18:42:13Z

Comprehensive categorization: +Mu-Opioid Receptor Agonists

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:42, 15 May 2026
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	[[Category:Natural opioids]]		[[Category:Natural opioids]]
	[[Category:Analgesics]]		[[Category:Analgesics]]
			[[Category:Mu-Opioid Receptor Agonists]]

MediaWiki default: Assign pharmacological categories from List_of_CNS-active_medicines

2026-05-14T15:06:58Z

Assign pharmacological categories from List_of_CNS-active_medicines

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:06, 14 May 2026
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	}}		}}


			[[Category:Opioids]]
			[[Category:Natural opioids]]
	[[Category:Analgesics]]		[[Category:Analgesics]]

MDElliottMD: Pharmacopedia: add

2026-05-14T03:31:01Z

Pharmacopedia: add <pharmaInteractions/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:31, 14 May 2026
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	\| dosing =		\| dosing =
	\| effects =		\| effects =
	\| interactions =		\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	\| pregnancy_details =		\| pregnancy_details =
	\| monitoring =		\| monitoring =

MDElliottMD: Pharmacopedia: remove contraindications parameter

2026-05-14T02:40:43Z

Pharmacopedia: remove contraindications parameter

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:40, 14 May 2026
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	\| dosing =		\| dosing =
	\| effects =		\| effects =
	~~\| contraindications =~~
	\| interactions =		\| interactions =
	\| pregnancy_details =		\| pregnancy_details =

MDElliottMD: Added empty fda_max parameter to MedTemplate call

2026-05-13T02:32:47Z

Added empty fda_max parameter to MedTemplate call

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:32, 13 May 2026
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	\| starting_dose =		\| starting_dose =
	\| preparations =		\| preparations =
			\| fda_max =
	\| routes =		\| routes =
	\| onset =		\| onset =
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	[[Category:Analgesics]]		[[Category:Analgesics]]

MDElliottMD: Expand stub to full MedTemplate parameter set

2026-05-13T01:00:00Z

Expand stub to full MedTemplate parameter set

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{MedTemplate
-| generic           = Morphine
+| generic            = Morphine
-| classes           = Opioid, Analgesic
+| brand              =
-| mechanism         = Mu-opioid receptor agonist
+| structure          =
 }}
 [[Category:Analgesics]]

MDElliottMD: Auto-created stub

2026-05-13T00:00:00Z

Auto-created stub

New page

{{MedTemplate
| generic = Morphine
| classes = Opioid, Analgesic
| mechanism = Mu-opioid receptor agonist
}}
[[Category:Analgesics]]