Zolpidem - Revision history

MDElliottMD: parser-claude: Zolpidem MedTemplate refill, Top 300 stub upgrade

2026-05-23T06:40:37Z

parser-claude: Zolpidem MedTemplate refill, Top 300 stub upgrade

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:40, 23 May 2026
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	{{MedTemplate		{{MedTemplate
	\| generic = Zolpidem		\| generic = Zolpidem (tartrate)
	\| brand = Ambien		\| brand = Ambien (IR), Ambien CR (biphasic-release), Edluar (sublingual), Intermezzo (low-dose sublingual for middle-of-night awakening), Zolpimist (oral spray)
	\| structure =		\| structure =
	\| classes = Z-~~drug~~, ~~Sedative-Hypnotic~~		\| classes = [[:Category:Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics\|Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic]], [[:Category:Sleep aids\|Sleep aid]], [[:Category:Schedule IV controlled substances\|Schedule IV controlled substance]]
	\| ~~mechanism~~ = ~~GABAA positive allosteric modulator~~ (~~non~~-~~benzodiazepine~~)		\| uses = <vote slug="insomnia-sleep-onset-use">Insomnia, sleep-onset type (FDA, short-term)</vote>, <vote slug="insomnia-sleep-maintenance-use">Insomnia, sleep-maintenance type (Ambien CR; FDA)</vote>, <vote slug="middle-of-night-awakening-use">Middle-of-night awakening with ≥4 hours sleep remaining (Intermezzo SL; FDA)</vote>
	\| ~~uses~~ =		\| starting_dose = '''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men
	\| ~~starting_dose~~ =		\| preparations = IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray
	\| ~~preparations~~ =		\| fda_max = 10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR)
	\| ~~fda_max~~ =		\| pill_id =
	\| routes =		\| routes = Oral, sublingual, oromucosal spray
	\| onset =		\| onset = 15-30 minutes
	\| duration =		\| duration = 6-8 hours (IR); 8 hours (CR via biphasic release)
	\| halflife =		\| halflife = ~2.5 hours<ref name="ambien-label">FDA Prescribing Information, Ambien (zolpidem tartrate), Sanofi, current revision. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/019908s041lbl.pdf</ref>
	~~\| bioavailability =~~		\| bioavailability = ~70% (oral)<ref name="ambien-label" />
	~~\| pregnancy~~ =		\| pregnancy = Limited human data; case reports of neonatal sedation with late-pregnancy exposure.{{citation needed}}
	~~\| legal~~ =		\| legal = [[USLegal:Schedule IV\|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the FDA '''Boxed Warning''' for '''complex sleep behaviors''' (sleep-driving, sleep-walking, sleep-eating, other parasomnias) added in 2019<ref name="ambien-label" />
	\| ~~intro =~~		\| mechanism = <vote slug="zolpidem-mech-claim">Selective positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor preferentially at α1-containing subtypes (the "sedation" subtypes), providing more sedation per unit anxiolysis and muscle relaxation than the non-selective benzodiazepines. The short half-life is the basis of less next-morning grogginess in most patients.</vote> The 2013 FDA dose reduction for women reflects slower clearance in women and higher rates of next-morning impaired driving; the 2019 Boxed Warning for complex sleep behaviors followed accumulated case reports. CYP3A4 substrate, so CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole, ritonavir, clarithromycin) substantially raise plasma exposure<ref name="ambien-label" />.
	~~\| pharmacokinetics~~ =
	~~\| pharmacodynamics~~ =
	\| ~~indications~~ =
	\| ~~dosing~~ =
	\| ~~effects~~ =
	~~\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions~~/>
	\| ~~pregnancy_details =~~
	~~\| monitoring~~ =
	~~\| counseling~~ =
	~~\| anecdotes =~~
	~~\| seealso =~~
	~~\| references~~ =
	}}		}}

			== References ==
			<references />

	[[Category:~~Z-Drugs (~~Non-~~Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]~~		[[Category:Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics]]
	~~[[Category:Sedative-~~hypnotics]]		[[Category:Sleep aids]]
	[[Category:~~GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)~~]]		[[Category:Schedule IV controlled substances]]
	[[Category:~~GABAergics~~]]

MDElliottMD: Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

2026-05-22T00:37:40Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:37, 22 May 2026
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	[[Category:Z-Drugs (Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]		[[Category:Z-Drugs (Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]
	[[Category:Sedative-~~Hypnotics~~]]		[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
	[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]		[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
	[[Category:GABAergics]]		[[Category:GABAergics]]

MDElliottMD: Tier 2 taxonomy consolidation: remove retired Category:Anxiolytics & Sedative-Hypnotics

2026-05-21T17:44:59Z

Tier 2 taxonomy consolidation: remove retired Category:Anxiolytics & Sedative-Hypnotics

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:44, 21 May 2026
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	~~[[Category:Anxiolytics & Sedative-Hypnotics]]~~
	[[Category:Z-Drugs (Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]		[[Category:Z-Drugs (Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]
	[[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]		[[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]
	[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]		[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
	[[Category:GABAergics]]		[[Category:GABAergics]]

MDElliottMD: Comprehensive categorization: +GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General), GABAergics

2026-05-15T18:42:12Z

Comprehensive categorization: +GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General), GABAergics

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:42, 15 May 2026
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	[[Category:Z-Drugs (Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]		[[Category:Z-Drugs (Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]
	[[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]		[[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

MediaWiki default: Assign pharmacological categories from List_of_CNS-active_medicines

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Assign pharmacological categories from List_of_CNS-active_medicines

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:06, 14 May 2026
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	}}		}}


			[[Category:Anxiolytics & Sedative-Hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Z-Drugs (Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]
	[[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]		[[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]

MDElliottMD: Pharmacopedia: add

2026-05-14T03:31:13Z

Pharmacopedia: add <pharmaInteractions/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:31, 14 May 2026
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	\| dosing =		\| dosing =
	\| effects =		\| effects =
	\| interactions =		\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	\| pregnancy_details =		\| pregnancy_details =
	\| monitoring =		\| monitoring =

MDElliottMD: Pharmacopedia: remove contraindications parameter

2026-05-14T02:40:54Z

Pharmacopedia: remove contraindications parameter

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:40, 14 May 2026
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	\| dosing =		\| dosing =
	\| effects =		\| effects =
	~~\| contraindications =~~
	\| interactions =		\| interactions =
	\| pregnancy_details =		\| pregnancy_details =

MDElliottMD: Added empty fda_max parameter to MedTemplate call

2026-05-13T02:32:42Z

Added empty fda_max parameter to MedTemplate call

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:32, 13 May 2026
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	\| starting_dose =		\| starting_dose =
	\| preparations =		\| preparations =
			\| fda_max =
	\| routes =		\| routes =
	\| onset =		\| onset =
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	[[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]		[[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]

MDElliottMD: Expand stub to full MedTemplate parameter set

2026-05-13T01:00:00Z

Expand stub to full MedTemplate parameter set

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{MedTemplate
-| generic           = Zolpidem
+| generic            = Zolpidem
-| brand             = Ambien
+| brand              = Ambien
-| classes           = Z-drug, Sedative-Hypnotic
+| structure          =
-| mechanism         = GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine)
+| classes            = Z-drug, Sedative-Hypnotic
 }}
 [[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]

MDElliottMD: Auto-created stub

2026-05-13T00:00:00Z

Auto-created stub

New page

{{MedTemplate
| generic = Zolpidem
| brand = Ambien
| classes = Z-drug, Sedative-Hypnotic
| mechanism = GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine)
}}
[[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]