Designer benzodiazepine • Triazolobenzodiazepine • Sedative-Hypnotic • Research material
mechanism
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Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects.
uses
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No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies.
starting_dose
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No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam).
Oral • sublingual • intranasal; rectal and IV reported.
onset
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~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal.
duration
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6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer.
halflife
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Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect.
bioavailability
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Not formally characterized in humans.
pregnancy
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Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case.
