The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism.
uses
String
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"'
starting_dose
String
5 mg daily
preparations
String
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs
fda_max
String
40 mg/d
pill_id
Text
routes
List of String, delimiter: ,
Oral
onset
String
1–2 h
duration
String
24 h
halflife
String
~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers)
