1 row is stored for this page
| Field | Field type | Value |
|---|
| generic | String | |
| brand | String | Botox |
| structure | File | |
| classes | List of String, delimiter: , | Neurotoxin • neuromuscular blocker (presynaptic) |
| mechanism | String | Cleaves SNAP-25 protein in presynaptic motor and autonomic nerve terminals, blocking acetylcholine release; in chronic migraine, hypothesized to inhibit peripheral sensitization of trigeminovascular nociceptors |
| uses | String | Chronic migraine (≥15 headache days/month), cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, hyperhidrosis, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, strabismus, spasticity, cosmetic problems |
| starting_dose | String | Chronic migraine (PREEMPT protocol): 155 units divided across 31 sites in 7 head/neck muscle groups every 12 weeks |
| preparations | String | 50, 100, or 200 unit vials of lyophilized powder for reconstitution |
| fda_max | String | 195 units/treatment for chronic migraine; max varies by problem |
| pill_id | Text | |
| routes | List of String, delimiter: , | Intramuscular (PREEMPT injections for migraine) |
| onset | String | 1–2 weeks for muscle effects; preventive migraine benefit accrues over 12-week cycles |
| duration | String | ~12 weeks |
| halflife | String | Tissue half-life not formally measured; clinical effect ~12 weeks |
| bioavailability | String | Local (intramuscular) |
| pregnancy | String | Category C; limited data |
| legal | String | Rx; black-box warning for distant spread of toxin effect |
