Amoxicillin

Penicillin, β-lactam antibiotic, Aminopenicillin

Amoxicillin

Amoxil, Trimox, Moxatag; mostly prescribed generically

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Summary

Classes

Penicillin, β-lactam antibiotic, Aminopenicillin

Pharmacy

Starting dose

500 mg PO TID or 875 mg PO BID for most indications; 80-90 mg/kg/d divided BID in pediatric otitis media

Preparations

250 mg, 500 mg capsules; 500 mg, 875 mg tablets; 125, 200, 250, 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 775 mg ER; 50 mg/mL drops

US FDA Max

3 g/d typical; higher in severe infections under specialist guidance

Pharmacology

Routes

Oral

Onset

Peak plasma at 1-2 hours; clinical effect within 24-72 hours

Duration

~8 hours per dose

Half-life

1-1.3 hours

Bioavailability

75-90% (oral; minimally affected by food)

Pregnancy

Generally considered safe; widely used in pregnancy and lactation.^{[citation needed]}

Legal status

Rx-only in US

Purported mechanism

Amoxicillin is a β-lactam aminopenicillin; it binds penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in the bacterial cell wall, inhibiting transpeptidation of peptidoglycan cross-links and producing osmotic lysis of growing organisms.▲0▼ Extends ampicillin's spectrum with better oral bioavailability. Susceptible to β-lactamases; clavulanate co-administration restores activity against many resistant organisms.