Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxil, Trimox, Moxatag; mostly prescribed generically
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Summary
Classes
Common uses
Acute otitis media0, Streptococcal pharyngitis0, Community-acquired pneumonia0, Uncomplicated UTI (selected strains)0, H. pylori eradication (combination)0, Dental procedural prophylaxis0
Pharmacy
Starting dose
500 mg PO TID or 875 mg PO BID for most indications; 80-90 mg/kg/d divided BID in pediatric otitis media
Preparations
250 mg, 500 mg capsules; 500 mg, 875 mg tablets; 125, 200, 250, 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 775 mg ER; 50 mg/mL drops
US FDA Max
3 g/d typical; higher in severe infections under specialist guidance
Pharmacology
Routes
Oral
Onset
Peak plasma at 1-2 hours; clinical effect within 24-72 hours
Duration
~8 hours per dose
Half-life
1-1.3 hours[1]
Bioavailability
75-90% (oral; minimally affected by food)[1]
Pregnancy
Generally considered safe; widely used in pregnancy and lactation.[citation needed]
Legal status
Rx-only in US
Purported mechanism
Amoxicillin is a β-lactam aminopenicillin; it binds penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in the bacterial cell wall, inhibiting transpeptidation of peptidoglycan cross-links and producing osmotic lysis of growing organisms.0 Extends ampicillin's spectrum with better oral bioavailability. Susceptible to β-lactamases; clavulanate co-administration restores activity against many resistant organisms[1].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 FDA Prescribing Information, Amoxil (amoxicillin), GlaxoSmithKline, current revision. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/050760s011,050761s011,050754s021,050542s029lbl.pdf