Moxifloxacin
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Moxifloxacin
Avelox (oral/IV brand discontinued US); Vigamox, Moxeza (ophthalmic)
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Summary
Common uses
Community-acquired pneumonia0, Acute bacterial sinusitis0, Acute bacterial exacerbation of COPD0, Complicated skin and soft-tissue infections0, Intra-abdominal infections (anaerobic coverage)0, Bacterial conjunctivitis (topical)0
Pharmacy
Starting dose
400 mg PO/IV once daily
Preparations
400 mg tablets; 400 mg/250 mL IV; 0.5% ophthalmic solution
US FDA Max
400 mg/d
Pharmacology
Routes
Oral, IV, topical ophthalmic
Onset
Hours
Duration
24 hours
Half-life
~12 hours[1]
Bioavailability
~90% (oral; not affected by food but reduced by divalent cations)[1]
Pregnancy
Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist (animal cartilage toxicity).[citation needed]
Legal status
Purported mechanism
Moxifloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, blocking DNA replication and producing bactericidal effect; the 8-methoxy substitution improves activity against gram-positives and anaerobes relative to earlier fluoroquinolones, broadening coverage to include atypicals plus anaerobes for intra-abdominal use.0 Substantial QT-interval prolongation — the most QT-prolonging fluoroquinolone — limits use in patients on other QT-prolonging agents or with electrolyte abnormalities[1].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 FDA Prescribing Information, Avelox (moxifloxacin HCl), Bayer, current revision. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/021085s065,021277s057lbl.pdf