Drug-metabolizing enzymes: Difference between revisions
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MDElliottMD (talk | contribs) Rewrite category intro: replace the wiki-plumbing lead with a descriptive, history-first account of what a drug-metabolizing enzyme is. Covers the cytochrome P450 naming (Omura and Sato 1964, the 450 nm absorption peak, PMID 14209971), the phase-I / phase-II framework, the mixed-function-oxidase mechanism, the enzyme families, and the detoxification-versus-bioactivation duality (Pott 1775 chimney-sweep scrotal cancer as the historical thread; CYP1A/CYP3A4/CYP2E1 carcinogen activation as the m... |
MDElliottMD (talk | contribs) Category:Drug-metabolizing enzymes: repoint the 11 enzyme links onto the Enzyme: namespace; correct the stale sandbox note (task #24) |
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'''Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes''', the hemoprotein monooxygenases responsible for the majority of phase-I oxidative drug metabolism: | '''Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes''', the hemoprotein monooxygenases responsible for the majority of phase-I oxidative drug metabolism: | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:CYP1A2|CYP1A2]] (caffeine probe; clozapine, olanzapine, theophylline, tizanidine; the tobacco-smoke induction story) | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:CYP2B6|CYP2B6]] (efavirenz, methadone, bupropion, cyclophosphamide bioactivation) | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:CYP2C8|CYP2C8]] (paclitaxel, repaglinide, the glitazones; the gemfibrozil interaction) | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:CYP2C9|CYP2C9]] (warfarin, phenytoin, NSAIDs, sulfonylureas) | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:CYP2C19|CYP2C19]] (clopidogrel, proton pump inhibitors, several SSRIs, voriconazole) | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] (codeine and tramadol activation, tricyclic antidepressants, many antipsychotics, metoprolol, tamoxifen) | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:CYP2E1|CYP2E1]] (ethanol, acetaminophen bioactivation, the halogenated anesthetics) | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:CYP3A4|CYP3A4]] (the single most clinically consequential drug-metabolizing enzyme; roughly half of all medicines in clinical use) | ||
'''Phase-II and other non-CYP enzymes''': | '''Phase-II and other non-CYP enzymes''': | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:UGT1A1|UGT1A1]] (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; bilirubin, irinotecan, atazanavir) | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:TPMT|TPMT]] (thiopurine S-methyltransferase; azathioprine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine) | ||
* [[ | * [[Enzyme:NUDT15|NUDT15]] (nudix hydrolase; the parallel thiopurine-safety gene with a complementary ancestry distribution to TPMT) | ||
== Notes on scope == | == Notes on scope == | ||
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Each enzyme page follows a common structure: a history-first opening, tissue distribution, the substrate spectrum with a sortable substrate table, phenotype categories, major genetic variants, inhibitors, inducers, clinical implications, and authoritative external resources. Each page is also the human-readable companion to the machine-level <code>pk_inhibit_via_<ENZYME></code> and <code>pk_induce_via_<ENZYME></code> interaction edges in the wiki's pharmacogenomic interaction layer. | Each enzyme page follows a common structure: a history-first opening, tissue distribution, the substrate spectrum with a sortable substrate table, phenotype categories, major genetic variants, inhibitors, inducers, clinical implications, and authoritative external resources. Each page is also the human-readable companion to the machine-level <code>pk_inhibit_via_<ENZYME></code> and <code>pk_induce_via_<ENZYME></code> interaction edges in the wiki's pharmacogenomic interaction layer. | ||
These pages | These pages live in the dedicated <code>Enzyme:</code> namespace. The closely related transporter, variant, and phenotype pages will live under <code>Transporter:</code>, <code>Variant:</code>, and <code>Phenotype:</code> respectively. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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[[Category:Pharmacogenomics]] | [[Category:Pharmacogenomics]] | ||
[[Category:CuratedCategoryPage]] | |||