Neuroleptics: Difference between revisions
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Clozapine was withdrawn from several markets after 1975, when a cluster of cases of [[agranulocytosis]] — a severe loss of white blood cells — in Finland was associated with eight deaths.<ref name="idanpaan1975">Idänpään-Heikkilä J, Alhava E, Olkinuora M, Palva I (1975). Clozapine and agranulocytosis. ''Lancet'' 2(7935):611. PMID 51442.</ref> On the basis of trial evidence indicating greater effectiveness in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it was later reintroduced — approved in the United States in 1989 — under a system of mandatory blood-count monitoring that remains a condition of its use.<ref name="kane1988">Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H (1988). Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: a double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. ''Arch Gen Psychiatry'' 45(9):789–96. PMID 3046553.</ref> | Clozapine was withdrawn from several markets after 1975, when a cluster of cases of [[agranulocytosis]] — a severe loss of white blood cells — in Finland was associated with eight deaths.<ref name="idanpaan1975">Idänpään-Heikkilä J, Alhava E, Olkinuora M, Palva I (1975). Clozapine and agranulocytosis. ''Lancet'' 2(7935):611. PMID 51442.</ref> On the basis of trial evidence indicating greater effectiveness in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it was later reintroduced — approved in the United States in 1989 — under a system of mandatory blood-count monitoring that remains a condition of its use.<ref name="kane1988">Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H (1988). Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: a double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. ''Arch Gen Psychiatry'' 45(9):789–96. PMID 3046553.</ref> | ||
== Members == | |||
The first-generation neuroleptics include [[chlorpromazine]], [[fluphenazine]], [[perphenazine]], [[trifluoperazine]], [[thioridazine]], [[thiothixene]], [[loxapine]], the butyrophenone [[droperidol]], and the diphenylbutylpiperidine [[pimozide]]. The second-generation agents include [[clozapine]], [[risperidone]], [[olanzapine]], [[quetiapine]], [[ziprasidone]], [[aripiprazole]], [[paliperidone]], [[asenapine]], [[lurasidone]], [[iloperidone]], [[brexpiprazole]], [[cariprazine]], and [[lumateperone]]. The list is not exhaustive. | |||
== Safety == | == Safety == | ||