Coffee
Plant Medicine, Excitantia, Caffeine plant, Xanthine
Coffee
Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora (robusta)
Coffee is the seed of the Coffea genus (Rubiaceae — the same family as Cinchona/quinine and DMT-bearing Psychotria viridis). C. arabica (0.6–1.6% caffeine) is a tetraploid cultigen originating in the Ethiopian highlands; C. canephora (robusta, 1.2–3.2% caffeine) has more caffeine and less flavor. First popularized in Yemen by Sufi monks for sustaining night-long prayer.
Tea, Chocolate, Caffeine
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Summary
Classes
Plant Medicine, Excitantia, Caffeine plant, Xanthine
Pharmacy
Starting dose
One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant)
Preparations
Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated)
Pharmacology
Routes
Oral
Onset
~15–30 min
Duration
3–5 h (subjective)
Half-life
~5 h (caffeine)
Bioavailability
~99% (caffeine)
Pregnancy
Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed)
Legal status
Unrestricted (food)
Purported mechanism
Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts.
“Pendell's corner
Our culture, in a cup. ... is coffee a good guy or a bad guy? Poison. One of the greats.
— Dale Pendell, Pharmako/Dynamis, p. 44