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Levomilnacipran

2026-05-14T15:06:48Z

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			[[Category:Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]

Milnacipran

2026-05-14T15:06:48Z

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			[[Category:Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]

Amoxapine

2026-05-14T15:06:48Z

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			[[Category:Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]

Clomipramine

2026-05-14T15:06:48Z

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			[[Category:Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]

Desipramine

2026-05-14T15:06:48Z

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			[[Category:Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]

Imipramine

2026-05-14T15:06:49Z

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			[[Category:Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]

Maprotiline

2026-05-14T15:06:49Z

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			[[Category:Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]

Protriptyline

2026-05-14T15:06:49Z

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			[[Category:Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]

Trimipramine

2026-05-14T15:06:49Z

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			[[Category:Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]

Isocarboxazid

2026-05-14T15:06:49Z

Comprehensive categorization: +Irreversible non-selective MAOIs

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			[[Category:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]
			[[Category:Irreversible non-selective MAOIs]]

Moclobemide

2026-05-14T15:06:49Z

Comprehensive categorization: +Reversible MAO-A inhibitors (RIMAs)

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			[[Category:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]
			[[Category:Reversible MAO-A inhibitors (RIMAs)]]

Phenelzine

2026-05-14T15:06:49Z

Comprehensive categorization: +Irreversible non-selective MAOIs

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			[[Category:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]
			[[Category:Irreversible non-selective MAOIs]]

Tranylcypromine

2026-05-14T15:06:49Z

Comprehensive categorization: +Irreversible non-selective MAOIs

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			[[Category:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)]]
	[[Category:Antidepressants]]		[[Category:Antidepressants]]
			[[Category:Irreversible non-selective MAOIs]]

Chlorpromazine

2026-05-14T15:06:49Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:First-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Phenothiazines]]

Droperidol

2026-05-14T15:06:50Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:First-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Butyrophenones]]

Fluphenazine

2026-05-14T15:06:50Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:First-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Phenothiazines]]

Molindone

2026-05-14T15:06:50Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:First-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Dihydroindolones]]

Perphenazine

2026-05-14T15:06:50Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:First-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Phenothiazines]]

Pimozide

2026-05-14T15:06:50Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:First-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Diphenylbutylpiperidines]]

Prochlorperazine

2026-05-14T15:06:50Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:First-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Phenothiazines]]

Thioridazine

2026-05-14T15:06:50Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:First-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Phenothiazines]]

Thiothixene

2026-05-14T15:06:50Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:First-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Thioxanthenes]]

Trifluoperazine

2026-05-14T15:06:50Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:First-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Phenothiazines]]

Asenapine

2026-05-14T15:06:51Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:Second-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]

Brexpiprazole

2026-05-14T15:06:51Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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	{{MedTemplate		{{MedTemplate
	~~\| generic = Brexpiprazole~~		\| brand = Rexulti
	\| brand = Rexulti		\| classes = Atypical antipsychotic, D2/5HT1A partial agonist with stronger α1A, 5HT2A, 5HT1A activity than aripiprazole
	~~\| structure =~~		\| mechanism = Partial agonist at D2 and 5HT1A. Antagonist at 5HT2A, α1A, α1B, α2C. More potent 5HT2A antagonism, 5HT1A partial agonism, and α1 antagonism (relative to D2 partial agonism) than aripiprazole, proposed to reduce akathisia and enhance affective/cognitive effects.
	\| classes = ~~Antipsychotic~~, ~~Neuroleptic~~		\| uses = Schizophrenia (FDA-approved 2015). Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (2015). '''Agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer disease''' (FDA-approved May 2023, first agent specifically approved for this problem). Investigational for PTSD (combined with sertraline).
	\| mechanism = D2~~/5-HT1A~~ partial ~~agonist; 5-HT2A~~/~~alpha antagonist~~		\| starting_dose = Schizophrenia: 1 mg PO daily × 4 days, then 2 mg daily × 3 days, then 4 mg daily. MDD adjunct: 0.5-1 mg daily, increase to 2 mg max. AD agitation: 0.5 mg daily, titrate to 2-3 mg daily.
	\| uses =		\| preparations = 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets
	\| starting_dose =		\| fda_max = 4 mg/d (schizophrenia); 3 mg/d (AD agitation); 3 mg/d (MDD adjunct)
	\| preparations =		\| routes = Oral
	\| fda_max =		\| onset = Weeks for psychosis/depression; AD agitation benefit emerges over weeks
	\| routes =		\| duration = Daily dosing
	\| onset =		\| halflife = ~91 hours
	\| duration =		\| bioavailability = ~95%
	\| halflife =		\| pregnancy = Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry available
	\| bioavailability =		\| legal = Rx
	\| pregnancy =		\| intro = '''Brexpiprazole''' (brand name Rexulti) is a 'pip' D2/5HT1A partial agonist FDA-approved for schizophrenia (2015), adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (2015), and, in a landmark 2023 approval, '''agitation associated with Alzheimer dementia'''. It is the first FDA-approved medicine specifically for AD agitation. Compared to its 'pip' cousin aripiprazole, brexpiprazole has relatively stronger 5HT2A antagonism, 5HT1A partial agonism, and α1 antagonism, proposed to reduce akathisia and enhance affective/cognitive efficacy.
	\| legal =
	\| intro =		The AD agitation approval carries the antipsychotic class black-box warning for increased mortality in elderly dementia patients; FDA approval rested on demonstrating a favorable risk-benefit ratio in this population specifically for the problem.
	~~\| pharmacokinetics =~~		\| pharmacodynamics= D2 partial agonist (lower intrinsic activity than aripiprazole). 5HT1A partial agonist. 5HT2A, 5HT2B, 5HT7, α1A, α1B, α2C antagonist. H1 antagonism. Notable: lower D2 intrinsic activity and stronger 5HT2A antagonism may underlie reduced akathisia compared with aripiprazole.
	\| pharmacodynamics =		\| effects = Weight gain (especially long-term), akathisia (reduced compared to aripiprazole), restlessness, headache, somnolence, increased fasting glucose. Class warning: increased mortality in elderly dementia-related psychosis. AD agitation problem acknowledges this risk with specific benefit-risk analysis.
	~~\| indications =~~		\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	~~\| dosing~~ =
	\| effects =
	\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	~~\| pregnancy_details =~~
	~~\| monitoring =~~
	~~\| counseling =~~
	~~\| anecdotes =~~
	~~\| seealso =~~
	~~\| references =~~
	}}		}}

			[[Category:Second-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Third-generation neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Atypical Antipsychotics]]
			[[Category:Dopamine Partial Agonists]]
			[[Category:Psychotic Disorders]]
			[[Category:Adjunctive Antidepressants]]

Cariprazine

2026-05-14T15:06:51Z

Sentence-case category link per house style (Mood_Stabilizers → Mood_stabilizers)

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	{{MedTemplate		{{MedTemplate
	~~\| generic = Cariprazine~~		\| brand = Vraylar
	\| brand = Vraylar		\| classes = Atypical antipsychotic, D2/D3/5HT1A partial agonist
	~~\| structure =~~		\| mechanism = Partial agonist at D2 and D3 dopamine receptors with HIGHER affinity for D3 than D2 (uncommon among antipsychotics). Partial agonist at 5HT1A. Antagonist at 5HT2B. Weaker 5HT2A antagonism than other atypicals. The D3 partial agonism is proposed to drive efficacy for negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and mood-related effects (depression in bipolar/MDD).
	\| classes = ~~Antipsychotic~~, ~~Neuroleptic~~		\| uses = Schizophrenia (FDA-approved 2015). Acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. Bipolar I depression (FDA-approved 2019). Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (FDA-approved Dec 2022).
	\| mechanism = D3/D2 partial ~~agonist; 5~~-~~HT2A antagonist~~		\| starting_dose = Schizophrenia: 1.5 mg PO daily, increase to 1.5-6 mg as tolerated. Bipolar mania: 1.5 mg, may increase to 3-6 mg. Bipolar depression: 1.5 mg daily for 14 days, then 3 mg. MDD adjunct: 1.5 mg, may increase to 3 mg.
	\| uses =		\| preparations = 1.5 mg, 3 mg, 4.5 mg, 6 mg capsules
	\| starting_dose =		\| fda_max = 6 mg/d (psychosis/mania); 3 mg/d (depression adjunct)
	\| preparations =		\| routes = Oral
	\| fda_max =		\| onset = Weeks for psychosis/mood efficacy
	\| routes =		\| duration = Daily dosing; active metabolites with very long half-lives (up to 1-3 weeks)
	\| onset =		\| halflife = Cariprazine ~2-4 d; major active metabolites desmethyl-cariprazine (DCAR) ~1-3 weeks → 'oral depot' effect with delayed steady-state and reduced effect of missed doses
	\| duration =		\| bioavailability = Adequate oral bioavailability
	\| halflife =		\| pregnancy = Limited data
	\| bioavailability =		\| legal = Rx
	\| pregnancy =		\| intro = '''Cariprazine''' (brand name Vraylar) is an atypical antipsychotic with a distinctive '''D3-preferring''' receptor profile, it has higher affinity for D3 than for D2, uncommon among antipsychotics. FDA-approved for schizophrenia (2015), bipolar mania (2015), bipolar depression (2019), and adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (2022). Stahl emphasizes the D3 partial agonism story for negative symptoms of schizophrenia and the mood-spectrum efficacy: postsynaptic D3 blockade in limbic regions reduces emotional dysregulation, while somatodendritic D3 effects in VTA disinhibit DA release in prefrontal cortex, addressing negative/cognitive/affective symptoms.
	\| legal =
	\| intro =		Notable feature: very long-acting active metabolites (DCAR and DDCAR with half-lives up to 1-3 weeks), producing an 'oral depot' effect, missed doses cause less rapid decline in plasma levels than with shorter-acting agents.
	~~\| pharmacokinetics =~~		\| pharmacodynamics= D3 partial agonist (highest affinity); D2 partial agonist; 5HT1A partial agonist; 5HT2B antagonist; modest 5HT2A and H1 antagonism.
	\| pharmacodynamics =		\| effects = Akathisia (notable; reduced by slow titration), EPS, insomnia, sedation, nausea. Lower weight gain and metabolic effects than many atypicals. Long half-life of metabolites can delay both onset and offset of side effects.
	\| ~~indications~~ =		\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	~~\| dosing =~~
	\| effects =
	\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	~~\| pregnancy_details =~~
	~~\| monitoring =~~
	~~\| counseling =~~
	~~\| anecdotes =~~
	~~\| seealso =~~
	~~\| references =~~
	}}		}}

			[[Category:Second-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Third-generation neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Atypical Antipsychotics]]
			[[Category:Dopamine Partial Agonists]]
			[[Category:Psychotic Disorders]]
			[[Category:Mood stabilizers]]

Clozapine

2026-05-14T15:06:51Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:Second-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]

Iloperidone

2026-05-14T15:06:51Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:Second-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]

Lumateperone

2026-05-14T15:06:51Z

Sentence-case category link per house style (Mood_Stabilizers → Mood_stabilizers)

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	{{MedTemplate		{{MedTemplate
	~~\| generic = Lumateperone~~		\| brand = Caplyta
	\| brand = Caplyta		\| classes = Atypical antipsychotic, 5HT2A/D2 antagonist with proposed differential pre/post-synaptic D2 activity
	~~\| structure =~~		\| mechanism = Very high affinity 5HT2A receptor antagonism (~50-fold higher affinity than for D2). Moderate D2 receptor activity proposed to be differential between presynaptic (partial agonist) and postsynaptic (antagonist), if confirmed, this would explain why lumateperone has antipsychotic efficacy at D2 occupancy lower than other antipsychotics. Moderate SERT inhibition (suggests antidepressant potential).
	\| classes = ~~Antipsychotic~~, ~~Neuroleptic~~		\| uses = Schizophrenia (FDA-approved Dec 2019). Bipolar depression as monotherapy or adjunct to lithium/valproate (FDA-approved Dec 2021).
	\| mechanism = 5-~~HT2A~~ antagonist~~; D1 potentiator;~~ D2 ~~modulator~~		\| starting_dose = 42 mg PO once daily with food (no titration)
	\| uses =		\| preparations = 42 mg capsules
	\| starting_dose =		\| fda_max = 42 mg/d
	\| preparations =		\| routes = Oral
	\| fda_max =		\| onset = Antipsychotic effect over weeks
	\| routes =		\| duration = Daily dosing
	\| onset =		\| halflife = ~18 hours (terminal)
	\| duration =		\| bioavailability = Limited but adequate; take with food
	\| halflife =		\| pregnancy = Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics
	\| bioavailability =		\| legal = Rx
	\| pregnancy =		\| intro = '''Lumateperone''' (brand name Caplyta) is an atypical antipsychotic FDA-approved in 2019 for schizophrenia and in 2021 for bipolar depression. Its receptor profile combines very high 5HT2A antagonist affinity with moderate D2 activity that is hypothesized to be differential between pre- and post-synaptic compartments, proposed mechanism is presynaptic D2 partial agonism (reducing DA release) plus postsynaptic D2 antagonism. If this differential is real, it explains efficacy at lower D2 occupancy and the favorable metabolic/motor side effect profile observed clinically. Stahl emphasizes this mechanism story; primary evidence is still preliminary.
	\| legal =
	\| intro =		Lumateperone also has moderate SERT inhibition (mood-relevant), explaining its bipolar depression efficacy. Among atypicals, it has notably low rates of weight gain, metabolic syndrome, prolactin elevation, akathisia, and parkinsonism in trials.
	~~\| pharmacokinetics =~~		\| pharmacodynamics= 5HT2A antagonism Ki ~0.5 nM; D2 antagonism Ki ~32 nM; D1 antagonism Ki ~52 nM; α1A antagonism Ki ~73 nM; SERT inhibition Ki ~33 nM. Minimal H1, M, α2 binding (explains low sedation, no anticholinergic burden, no weight gain).
	\| pharmacodynamics =		\| effects = Most common: somnolence/sedation, dry mouth, fatigue, nausea. Low rates of: metabolic effects, weight gain, prolactin elevation, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia. Class warning: increased mortality in elderly dementia-related psychosis.
	\| ~~indications~~ =		\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	~~\| dosing =~~
	\| effects =
	\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	~~\| pregnancy_details =~~
	~~\| monitoring =~~
	~~\| counseling =~~
	~~\| anecdotes =~~
	~~\| seealso =~~
	~~\| references =~~
	}}		}}

			[[Category:Second-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]
			[[Category:Atypical Antipsychotics]]
			[[Category:5HT2A Antagonists]]
			[[Category:Psychotic Disorders]]
			[[Category:Mood stabilizers]]

Lurasidone

2026-05-14T15:06:51Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:Second-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]

Paliperidone

2026-05-14T15:06:51Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:Second-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]

Ziprasidone

2026-05-14T15:06:51Z

Category taxonomy (#23): retag to house-compliant neuroleptic categories

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			[[Category:Second-generation neuroleptics]]
	[[Category:Neuroleptics]]		[[Category:Neuroleptics]]

Bromazepam

2026-05-14T15:06:52Z

Tier 2 taxonomy consolidation: remove retired [[Category:Anxiolytics & Sedative-Hypnotics]]

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			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Chlordiazepoxide

2026-05-14T15:06:52Z

Tier 2 taxonomy consolidation: remove retired [[Category:Anxiolytics & Sedative-Hypnotics]]

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			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Clobazam

2026-05-14T15:06:52Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Anticonvulsants -> Antiepileptics

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			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]
			[[Category:Antiepileptics]]

Clorazepate

2026-05-14T15:06:52Z

Tier 2 taxonomy consolidation: remove retired [[Category:Anxiolytics & Sedative-Hypnotics]]

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			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Estazolam

2026-05-14T15:06:52Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Flurazepam

2026-05-14T15:06:52Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Flunitrazepam

2026-05-14T15:06:52Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Lormetazepam

2026-05-14T15:06:52Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Midazolam

2026-05-14T15:06:52Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]
			[[Category:General (IV) Anesthetics]]
			[[Category:Anesthetics]]

Nitrazepam

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Oxazepam

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Tier 2 taxonomy consolidation: remove retired [[Category:Anxiolytics & Sedative-Hypnotics]]

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			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Quazepam

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Temazepam

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Triazolam

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Benzodiazepines]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Eszopiclone

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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	[[Category:Sedative-~~Hypnotics~~]]
			[[Category:Z-Drugs (Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]
			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Zaleplon

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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	[[Category:Sedative-~~Hypnotics~~]]
			[[Category:Z-Drugs (Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]
			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Zopiclone

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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	[[Category:Sedative-~~Hypnotics~~]]
			[[Category:Z-Drugs (Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics)]]
			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:GABAA Positive Allosteric Modulators (General)]]
			[[Category:GABAergics]]

Meprobamate

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
	[[Category:Anxiolytics]]		[[Category:Anxiolytics]]

Lemborexant

2026-05-14T15:06:53Z

Category taxonomy ship: retag Sedative-Hypnotics -> Sedative-hypnotics

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	{{MedTemplate		{{MedTemplate
	~~\| generic = Lemborexant~~		\| brand = Dayvigo
	\| brand = Dayvigo		\| classes = Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA)
	~~\| structure =~~		\| mechanism = Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. Faster receptor association/dissociation kinetics than suvorexant (~16 sec dissociation vs ~57 sec) hypothesized to support sleep onset, with sufficient duration for maintenance.
	\| classes = ~~Sedative-Hypnotic~~		\| uses = Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Dec 2019)
	\| mechanism = ~~Dual orexin~~ receptor ~~antagonist~~		\| starting_dose = 5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate
	\| uses =		\| preparations = 5 mg, 10 mg tablets
	\| starting_dose =		\| fda_max = 10 mg/d
	\| preparations =		\| routes = Oral
	\| fda_max =		\| onset = ~30 min
	\| routes =		\| duration = ~7-8 hours
	\| onset =		\| halflife = ~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant)
	\| duration =		\| bioavailability = ~44%
	\| halflife =		\| pregnancy = Limited data; avoid
	\| bioavailability =		\| legal = Rx, Schedule IV (US)
	\| pregnancy =		\| intro = '''Lemborexant''' (brand name Dayvigo) is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) FDA-approved in December 2019 for insomnia in adults. Among DORAs, lemborexant has faster receptor association/dissociation kinetics than suvorexant, which is hypothesized to facilitate sleep onset while still maintaining adequate duration of antagonism for sleep maintenance. The 17-19 hour half-life can produce some next-day residual sedation in sensitive individuals.
	\| legal =
	\| intro =		DORAs broadly produce sleep that more closely resembles physiologic sleep architecture than GABAergic hypnotics, with reduced REM suppression. Side effect profile favorable compared to benzodiazepines, but sleep paralysis, sleep-related hallucinations, and complex sleep behaviors have been reported.
	~~\| pharmacokinetics =~~		\| pharmacodynamics= Competitive antagonism at OX1R (Ki ~6 nM) and OX2R (Ki ~3 nM). No clinically significant activity at other receptors.
	\| pharmacodynamics =		\| effects = Somnolence (next-day), headache, nightmares, abnormal dreams, sleep paralysis, hallucinations near sleep onset. Complex sleep behaviors class warning.
	~~\| indications =~~		\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	~~\| dosing~~ =
	\| effects =
	\| interactions = <pharmaInteractions/>
	~~\| pregnancy_details =~~
	~~\| monitoring =~~
	~~\| counseling =~~
	~~\| anecdotes =~~
	~~\| seealso =~~
	~~\| references =~~
	}}		}}

	[[Category:Sedative-Hypnotics]]		[[Category:Orexin Receptor Antagonists]]
			[[Category:Sedative-hypnotics]]
			[[Category:Hypnotics]]