Latanoprost
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Latanoprost
Xalatan, Xelpros
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Summary
Common uses
Primary open-angle glaucoma0, Ocular hypertension0
Pharmacy
Starting dose
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening
Preparations
0.005% ophthalmic solution (50 mcg/mL); typical 2.5 mL bottle
US FDA Max
1 drop/eye/day (more frequent dosing reduces efficacy)
Pharmacology
Routes
Topical ophthalmic
Onset
IOP lowering at 3-4 hours; maximum at 8-12 hours
Duration
24 hours
Half-life
~17 minutes (free acid, the active form, in aqueous humor)[1]
Bioavailability
Topical; minimal systemic absorption[1]
Pregnancy
Limited data; weigh against alternatives, though systemic exposure is low.[citation needed]
Legal status
Rx-only in US
Purported mechanism
Latanoprost is an isopropyl ester prodrug hydrolyzed in the cornea to its free acid, a selective FP-receptor (prostaglandin F2α receptor) agonist; FP activation remodels the ciliary muscle extracellular matrix and increases uveoscleral aqueous outflow, lowering intraocular pressure by ~25-35%.0 Once-daily evening dosing is more effective than morning. Characteristic adverse effects: iris pigmentation darkening (especially mixed-color irides; permanent), periocular skin pigmentation, eyelash growth (used cosmetically for the closely-related bimatoprost), conjunctival hyperemia[1].
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 FDA Prescribing Information, Xalatan (latanoprost), Pfizer, current revision. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/020597s056lbl.pdf