Olopatadine

Histamine H1 receptor antagonist, Mast cell stabilizer, Ophthalmic antihistamine

Olopatadine

Patanol, Pataday (ophthalmic, now OTC), Patanase (intranasal)

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Summary

Classes

Histamine H1 receptor antagonist, Mast cell stabilizer, Ophthalmic antihistamine

Common uses

Allergic conjunctivitis (ophthalmic)▲0▼, Allergic rhinitis (intranasal Patanase)▲0▼

Pharmacy

Starting dose

Ophthalmic Pataday 0.7%: 1 drop in each eye once daily (24-hour formulation); Patanol 0.1% BID; intranasal Patanase 2 sprays/nostril BID

Preparations

0.1% (Patanol), 0.2% (Pataday once-daily original), 0.7% (Pataday 24-hour) ophthalmic solutions; 0.6% nasal spray

US FDA Max

Once daily (Pataday 0.7%); BID (other ophthalmic)

Pharmacology

Routes

Topical ophthalmic, intranasal

Onset

Symptom relief within 30-60 minutes

Duration

24 hours (0.7% formulation); 8-12 hours (lower-strength)

Half-life

~3 hours (systemic, when measurable; topical action dominates)

Bioavailability

Topical with minimal systemic absorption

Pregnancy

Generally considered safe; minimal systemic exposure.^{[citation needed]}

Legal status

OTC (Pataday ophthalmic) and Rx-only (Patanase intranasal) in US

Purported mechanism

Olopatadine is a dual-acting agent: selective H1 receptor antagonism provides immediate symptom relief from existing mediator release, while mast cell membrane stabilization prevents further degranulation; the combination produces both fast and sustained ocular antiallergic effect.▲0▼ Minimal systemic absorption and the dual mechanism underlie its first-line role in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Comfort drops without preservatives are available for sensitive patients.