Glipizide
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Glipizide
Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL
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Summary
Common uses
Type 2 diabetes mellitus0
Pharmacy
Starting dose
5 mg PO once daily, 30 minutes before breakfast; XL: 5 mg with breakfast
Preparations
5 mg, 10 mg immediate-release tablets; 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg extended-release tablets
US FDA Max
40 mg/d (IR; doses >15 mg given as divided BID); 20 mg/d (XL)
Pharmacology
Routes
Oral
Onset
Within 30 minutes (IR)
Duration
~12-24 hours
Half-life
2-5 hours[1]
Bioavailability
~100% (oral; food delays absorption, hence pre-meal dosing for IR)[1]
Pregnancy
Avoid; switch to insulin. Hypoglycemia in newborn reported.[citation needed]
Legal status
Rx-only in US
Purported mechanism
Glipizide binds the SUR1 regulatory subunit of pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channels, closing the channel and producing membrane depolarization, voltage-gated calcium entry, and glucose-independent insulin release.0 Hypoglycemia is the central risk, especially in elderly and renally impaired patients (glipizide has shorter half-life than glyburide, which is one reason it is preferred in older adults). CYP2C9 substrate; weight gain typical.
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 FDA Prescribing Information, Glucotrol (glipizide), Pfizer, current revision. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/017783s022lbl.pdf