Drilldown: Medicines

 

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Research material (131) · Classic Psychedelic (69) · Stimulant (43) · Opioid (31) · Sedative-Hypnotic (29) · Tryptamine (26) · Phenethylamine (25) · Botanical (23) · Benzodiazepine (22) · Anticonvulsant (19) · Dissociative (19) · Plant Medicine (18) · Analgesic (17) · Antidepressant (17) · Antipsychotic (17) · Antiparkinsonian (16) · Empathogen (16) · Neuroleptic (16) · Cathinone (14) · Nootropic (13)

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5-HT2A agonist (27) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (22) · None (13) · Monoamine releasing agent (11) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Sodium channel blocker (6) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · GABAA potentiator; NMDA antagonist (5) · Phenothiazine D2 antagonist (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · 5-HT1B/1D agonist (4) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Muscarinic receptor antagonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (4)

 

None (396) · Antimanic, Antidepressive, Antisuicide (1) · Pain, cough, disquiet (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (5) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (8) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000F-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (2) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000004B9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004BB-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000586-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000587-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000588-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000005EF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005F0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005F1-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001358-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001359-QINU`"' (1)

None (414) · 0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) · 25-50 mg PO once daily; titrate to 100 mg/day (1) · 5 mg PO (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · Depression: 25 mg PO TID-QID or 75 mg at bedtime, titrate to 75-150 mg/day. Neuropathic pain: 10-25 mg at bedtime, titrate to 50-100 mg/day. Elderly: 10 mg at bedtime (Beers-list cautions, though less than amitriptyline) (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · SC 4-6 units (or 1 unit per 10-15 g carbs) at meals; titrate to postprandial glucose (1) · SC 4-6 units (or 1 unit per 10-15 g carbs) at meals; titrate to postprandial glucose. Typical total daily dose 0.5-1 U/kg/d split between basal and prandial coverage in T1DM (1) · ~10 units SC at the same time daily, or 0.1-0.2 units/kg/d; titrate by fasting glucose (1)

None (398) · 100 U/mL (FlexTouch pen) and 200 U/mL (FlexTouch pen, higher-dose convenience) (1) · 100 U/mL (Humalog, Admelog, Lyumjev) vials, pens, cartridges; 200 U/mL Humalog KwikPen (1) · 100 U/mL (NovoLog, Fiasp) vials, pens, cartridges (1) · A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed (1) · Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Capsules 10, 25, 50, 75 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL (1) · Desoxyn 5 mg tabs (1) · Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) · Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) · Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) · Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) · Ground dried seed (nutmeg) or fruit aril (mace); occasionally infused (1) · Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) · Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'') (1) · Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) · Parotid-gland venom expressed onto a glass plate, dried into a shellac-like resin, vaporized and inhaled (1) · Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) · Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'') (1) · Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) · Tablets 25, 50, 100 mg (1) · Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)

None (418) · 100-200 mg/day depending on indication (1) · 150 mg/day; therapeutic plasma-level monitoring recommended (target 50-150 ng/mL window) (1) · 25 mg/day (ADHD per Desoxyn label); 15 mg/day (obesity, short-term, per Desoxyn label) (1) · Titrated to glucose; no fixed ceiling (1) · Titrated to glucose; no fixed maximum (2)

None (398) · buccal); refined cocaine has its own profile (1) · inhalation (2) · Inhalation (vaporized) (1) · insulin pumps (2) · IV (1) · IV (continuous infusion for DKA) (1) · Oral (16) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1) · Oral (buccal) (1) · Oral (leaf (1) · Oral (prescribed) (1) · Oral (with MAOI) (2) · smoked (extracted DMT) (1) · Subcutaneous (2) · Subcutaneous (never IV; not for use in insulin pumps) (1) · topical (1)

None (415) · 15–30 min (2) · BP effect within hours; full effect over 1-2 weeks (1) · Pain and migraine prophylaxis effect 1-4 weeks; antidepressant effect 4-6 weeks (1) · SC: 5-15 minutes (Fiasp 2.5 minutes earlier on average) (1) · SC: 5-15 minutes; ultra-rapid Lyumjev faster (1) · Seconds (1) · Slow, 2–6 h (1) · ~1 hour (1)

None (414) · 12–24 h or longer (1) · 24 hours (HS dosing) (1) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing supported by long elimination) (1) · 2–4 h (1) · 3-5 hours (2) · 3–4 h (1) · >42 hours per dose (effectively flat once at steady state) (1) · About 20 minutes (1) · ~15 min (1)

None (417) · 18-44 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · 6-9 hours (substantially longer in renal impairment due to renal elimination)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · 9–12 minutes (intravenous) (1) · ~1 hour SC'"`UNIQ--ref-00000589-QINU`"' (1) · ~25 hours apparent (functional duration well over 42 hours from multi-hexamer depot)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000135A-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1) · ~80 minutes SC'"`UNIQ--ref-000005F2-QINU`"' (1)

None · 100% (IV) · ~100% from subcutaneous depot · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' · 70–90% (oral) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' · ~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' · ~95% · '''Saturable''' via the LAT-1 amino-acid transporter, producing nonlinear pharmacokinetics: ~60% at 300 mg single dose, falling to ~35% at 1200 mg single dose'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"' · 10-20% (oral; reduced by food, calcium, antacids, PPIs, tea/coffee; enhanced by ascorbate) · 100% (IV); essentially complete (oral) · 100% (IV); rapidly neutralized by gastric acid (oral) · 16-21% capsule, 25% suspension (oral; iron and antacids reduce absorption substantially)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009E5-QINU`"' · 25 mg: ~29%; 50 mg: ~35%; food reduces absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C4F-QINU`"' · 30-40% (oral; increases with repeated dosing as gastric pH rises)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000DF-QINU`"' · 40-45% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000025C-QINU`"' · 40-80% (oral); reduced by food, calcium, iron, PPIs, fiber; take fasting with water'"`UNIQ--ref-00000037-QINU`"' · 42-58% (oral; dose-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AEF-QINU`"' · 50-60% (oral; decreased with food, but food given anyway for GI tolerance)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"' · 60-70% PO at low doses; saturable at high doses (parenteral routes preferred above 15-25 mg/week)'"`UNIQ--ref-000007C9-QINU`"'

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None (418) · '''Documented fetal growth restriction with chronic exposure'''; avoid in pregnancy if alternative β-blockers are appropriate. The β-blocker most consistently associated with intrauterine growth concerns'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · Category C (per Desoxyn label) (1) · Insulin is the preferred glucose-lowering therapy in pregnancy; aspart is widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Insulin is the preferred glucose-lowering therapy in pregnancy; degludec has reassuring observational data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Insulin is the preferred glucose-lowering therapy in pregnancy; lispro is widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · TCA class signal; limited human data specific to nortriptyline.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

None (412) · 5-MeO-DMT is Schedule I in US (since 2011); the toad itself is protected in several southwestern states (1) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · Schedule II (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (3) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (some OTC formulations exist) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1)