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Drilldown: Medicines
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Choose a table:
Medicines (732)
Medicines
> preparations:
75 mg, 150 mg tablets
&
bioavailability
:
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
or
~95%
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
None
(1)
brand:
Sunosi (1)
classes:
Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) (1)
·
wake-promoting agent (1)
mechanism:
Selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DAT and NET inhibition). Unlike amphetamine, does not significantly release monoamines, pure reuptake inhibition. (1)
uses:
Excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (1)
starting dose:
Narcolepsy: 75 mg PO once daily upon awakening, titrate every 3 days. OSA: 37.5 mg PO once daily, titrate. (1)
preparations:
(Click arrow to add another value)
None
·
10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg tablets
·
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs
·
5 mg, 10 mg tablets
·
5, 10 mg tablets
·
5, 10, 20, 40 mg tablets
·
0.005% ophthalmic solution (50 mcg/mL); typical 2.5 mL bottle
·
0.01%, 0.03% ophthalmic solution
·
0.025%, 0.035% ophthalmic solutions
·
0.1% (Patanol), 0.2% (Pataday once-daily original), 0.7% (Pataday 24-hour) ophthalmic solutions; 0.6% nasal spray
·
0.1%, 0.15% intranasal spray; 0.05% ophthalmic solution; combination Dymista (azelastine 0.137 mg + fluticasone 50 mcg/spray)
·
0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% ophthalmic solutions; 0.33% topical gel; combinations with timolol (Combigan) and brinzolamide (Simbrinza)
·
0.225%, 0.45%, 0.9%, 3%, 5% IV solutions; 0.9% nasal spray; 3% and 7% nebulizer solutions; oral tablets (1 g)
·
0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets (immediate-release and orally disintegrating); 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg extended-release tablets; 1 mg/mL oral concentrate
·
0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets
·
0.25, 0.5 mcg oral capsules; 1 mcg/mL oral solution; 1 mcg/mL IV; 3 mcg/g topical ointment
·
0.35 mg POP tablets; 5 mg tablets (Aygestin); component of COCs and combination HRT
·
0.4 mg capsules
·
0.4, 0.8, 1 mg OTC; 1 mg Rx; 5 mg/mL injection
·
0.5 g, 1 g capsules
Other values:
0.5 g/mL oral solution
0.5 mg capsules
0.5% (Carac), 1% (Fluoroplex), 5% (Efudex) topical creams/solutions; 50 mg/mL IV
0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 mg tablets; oral solution; 4, 10, 20, 100 mg/mL IV; intravitreal implant (Ozurdex)
0.5, 1, 2 mg tablets; 0.25 mg/mL IV
0.6 mg tablets; 0.6 mg/5 mL solution; 0.5 mg tablets (Lodoco)
0.6 mg/5 mL oral solution; Celestone Soluspan 6 mg/mL IM/IA (mix of sodium phosphate + acetate); 0.05% and 0.1% topical cream/ointment/lotion/foam (various salts); augmented betamethasone 0.05% (super-high potency)
0.77% topical cream, lotion, suspension; 1% shampoo; 8% nail lacquer (Penlac)
1 g soft gelatin capsules containing ~465 mg EPA + ~375 mg DHA as ethyl esters
1 g tablets; 1 g/10 mL suspension
1 mg tablets
1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg tablets
1 mg, 5 mg tablets
1% (OTC), 2% (Rx) shampoo; 2% cream; 2% gel; 200 mg oral tablet (rarely used now)
1% topical cream, lotion, solution; 1%, 2% vaginal cream; 100, 200, 500 mg vaginal tablets; 10 mg oral troches; combination with betamethasone (Lotrisone, Rx)
1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.5, 10 mg tablets (color-coded by strength)
1, 2, 4, 8 mg IR tablets; 4, 8 mg XL tablets
1, 2, 5 mg caps
1, 2, 5, 10 mg capsules and tablets
1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL syrup; 5 mg/mL concentrate
1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mg capsules
1.5 mg, 3 mg, 4.5 mg, 6 mg capsules
10 g/15 mL solution (Constulose); 10 g, 20 g powder packets (Kristalose)
10 mg tablet; also as fixed-dose combinations with simvastatin (Vytorin) and atorvastatin (Liptruzet, withdrawn US 2015 but generics exist)
10 mg tablets; 4 mg, 5 mg chewables; 4 mg granules
10 mg tablets; 5 mg ODT and chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; combo Claritin-D (with pseudoephedrine, behind-counter)
10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg caps
10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets
10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets; chewables; 40 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 10 mg/mL IV
10 mg, 25 mg tablets
10 mg, 34 mg capsules/tablets
10 mg/spray nasal solution
10, 20 mg IR capsules; 30, 60, 90 mg ER tablets
10, 20 mg tablets/capsules; 10 mg/5 mL syrup; 10 mg/mL IM injection
10, 20, 40 mg delayed-release capsules and tablets; 2 mg/mL oral suspension; immediate-release combo with sodium bicarbonate (Zegerid)
10, 20, 40 mg tablets; 20, 40, 60 mg ER tablets
10, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg tabs; 60/80/120/160 mg ER caps; 1 mg/mL IV
10, 25, 50, 100 mg tablets; 20 mg/mL IV
100 U/mL (FlexTouch pen) and 200 U/mL (FlexTouch pen, higher-dose convenience)
100 U/mL (Humalog, Admelog, Lyumjev) vials, pens, cartridges; 200 U/mL Humalog KwikPen
100 U/mL (Lantus, Basaglar, Semglee) vials and pens; 300 U/mL (Toujeo) pens
100 U/mL (NovoLog, Fiasp) vials, pens, cartridges
100 U/mL FlexTouch pen, vial
100 mg tabs
100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg extended-release capsules (can be sprinkled on food)
100 mg, 300 mg tablets; IV 500 mg vial
100 mg/20 mL vial, single-use
100 mg/mL vial for IV infusion
100, 150, 200 mg liquid-filled capsules ("perles")
100, 200, 400 IU softgels and capsules; many proprietary OTC blends; combined formulations (AREDS-2)
100, 200, 400 mg IR tablets; 600 mg, 1200 mg Mucinex ER tablets; many liquid formulations and combination products with dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine, antihistamines
100, 200, 400 mg tablets; 50 mg/mL IV (with polysorbate 80 in older formulations causing hypotension); 1.5 mg/mL Nexterone IV (PVC-free, lower hypotension risk)
100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty)
100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 mcg tablets (OTC and Rx); 1000 mcg/mL injection; intranasal spray; sublingual
100,000 units/mL oral suspension; 500,000 unit tablets; 100,000 units/g cream, ointment, powder; vaginal tablets
12.5 mg capsules; 12.5, 25, 50 mg tablets
120 mg/mL prefilled syringe or autoinjector
125, 250, 500 mg delayed-release tablets (Depakote); 250, 500 mg ER tablets (Depakote ER); 125, 250 mg sprinkle capsules; 250 mg/5 mL syrup; 500 mg IV (Depacon)
125, 250, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension; 750 mg, 1.5 g IV vials
140 mg/mL single-use prefilled syringe and SureClick autoinjector; Pushtronex 420 mg/3.5 mL on-body infusor
15 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg tablets
15, 30, 37.5 mg capsules/tablets; 8 mg Lomaira
15, 30, 45 mg tablets
15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 mg tablets (1/4 to 5 grains; 1 grain = 60 mg)
17 g (OTC) and 14 g (Rx) powder packets; 238, 510, 527 g bottles; PEG-electrolyte preparations 4 L (GoLYTELY, NuLYTELY)
18 mcg HandiHaler capsules; 2.5 mcg/actuation Respimat solution inhaler (1.25 mcg/actuation for asthma indication)
2 mg capsules and tablets; 1 mg/5 mL oral solution; combined with simethicone (Imodium Multi-Symptom)
2% ointment; 2% cream; 2% nasal ointment (Bactroban Nasal)
2% ophthalmic solution (Trusopt); 2%/0.5% fixed combination with timolol (Cosopt, Cosopt PF)
2%, 4% wash; 2% CHG/70% IPA applicators (ChloraPrep); 0.12%, 0.2% oral rinse; impregnated catheter dressings
2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg oral tablets; 40, 125, 500, 1000 mg IV vials; Depo-Medrol 20, 40, 80 mg/mL IM depot
2.5 mg tablets; 10-50 mg/mL injection; pre-filled subcutaneous autoinjectors (Otrexup, Rasuvo); 2.5 mg/mL oral solution (Xatmep)
2.5 mg, 5 mg tablets
2.5, 10, 15, 20 mg tablets
2.5, 5, 10 mg oral tablets; Depo-Provera 150 mg/mL IM; Depo-SubQ Provera 104 mg/0.65 mL
2.5, 5, 10 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral suspension
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (Epaned); 1.25 mg/mL IV (enalaprilat)
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (Levitra); 10 mg ODT (Staxyn)
2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution
20 mg dextromethorphan HBr / 10 mg quinidine sulfate capsules
20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg capsules
20 mg, 40 mg delayed-release tablets; 40 mg IV vial; oral suspension 40 mg/packet
20, 40 mg delayed-release capsules; 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg oral suspension packets; 20, 40 mg IV
20, 40, 80 mg tablets
20, 40, 80 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL oral solution; 10 mg/mL IV
200 mg tablets; 100 mg/5 mL suspension
200 mg/2 mL, 500 mg/5 mL vials for IV infusion
200, 300, 400 mg tablets (mostly generic now); 0.3% ophthalmic solution; 0.3% otic solution
200, 300, 400, 500 mg IR tablets/capsules; 400, 500, 600 mg ER tablets
200, 400, 800 mg tablets; 200 mg capsules; 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500, 1000 mg IV vials; 5% cream and ointment (topical)
225 mg/1.5 mL prefilled syringe or autoinjector
25 mg, 50 mg tablets
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets; 25 mg/5 mL oral suspension (CaroSpir)
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets; oral concentrate 20 mg/mL
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg immediate-release tablets; 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg extended-release tablets (Seroquel XR)
25 mg/5 mL suspension; 25, 50, 100 mg capsules (Macrodantin); 100 mg Macrobid capsule
25, 50 mg ER tablets; 8 mg/mL granules for oral suspension (Myrbetriq Granules, pediatric)
25, 50, 100 mg tablets; combination tablets with metformin
25, 50, 100 mg tabs (Viagra); 20 mg tabs and 10 mg/mL oral suspension (Revatio)
25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC
25, 50, 75, 88, 100, 112, 125, 137, 150, 175, 200, 300 mcg tablets; oral capsule and IV/IM also available
250 mg tablets; 1% topical cream, gel, spray; granules (pediatric)
250 mg, 500 mg capsules; 500 mg, 875 mg tablets; 125, 200, 250, 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 775 mg ER; 50 mg/mL drops
250 mg, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension
250 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg tablets; 100, 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 2 g ER suspension (Zmax); 500 mg IV
250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg capsules; 250 mg/5 mL, 125 mg/5 mL suspension; tablets
250, 500 mg base or stearate tablets; ER tablets; ethyl succinate 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500 mg, 1 g IV (lactobionate); 2% topical solution/gel; 0.5% ophthalmic ointment
250, 500 mg tablets; 750 mg ER; 500 mg/100 mL IV; 0.75-1% topical gel/cream; 0.75% vaginal gel; suppository
250, 500, 1000 mL IV bags. Composition per liter: Na+ 130 mEq, K+ 4 mEq, Ca2+ 3 mEq, Cl- 109 mEq, lactate 28 mEq
250, 500, 750 mg IR tablets; 500, 1000 mg ER tablets (XR); 250, 500 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 200, 400 mg IV; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment; 0.2% otic
250, 500, 750 mg tablets; 25 mg/mL oral solution; 25 mg/mL IV (premix bags 250, 500, 750 mg); 0.5%, 1.5% ophthalmic solutions
28 mg/device (each dose uses 2 devices)
3 mg tablets (Stromectol); 0.5% topical lotion (Sklice); 1% topical cream (Soolantra)
30, 45, 75 mg capsules; 6 mg/mL oral suspension
30, 60, 180 mg tablets; 30 mg ODT; 6 mg/mL oral suspension; all OTC
300 mg capsules; 125, 250 mg/5 mL suspension
325 mg tablets (65 mg elemental Fe); 220 mg/5 mL liquid (44 mg elemental Fe/5 mL); 142 mg/mL drops; OTC and Rx
325, 500, 650 mg tablets; 80, 160 mg chewables; 160 mg/5 mL pediatric liquid; 325 mg suppository; 1000 mg/100 mL IV (Ofirmev); fixed-dose combinations with opioids, decongestants, antihistamines
350 mg/20 mL vial for IV infusion
4 mg, 8 mg, 24 mg tablets; 4 mg, 8 mg orally disintegrating tablets; 4 mg/5 mL oral solution; IV (2 mg/mL)
4% prescription cream/lotion; OTC 2% withdrawn in US (2020 CARES Act); compounded higher strengths available
4.2%, 7.5%, 8.4% IV (1 mEq/mL at 8.4%); 325, 650 mg oral tablets; bulk powder
4.45 mg, 17.8 mg tablets
4.8355 mg oxycodone / 325 mg aspirin tablets
40 mg/0.4 mL or 40 mg/0.8 mL prefilled syringe and autoinjector pen; 10, 20, 80 mg pediatric/induction strengths
40, 80, 160, 320 mg tablets; oral suspension
400 mg tablets; 400 mg/250 mL IV; 0.5% ophthalmic solution
42 mg capsules
5 mg IR tablets; 5, 10, 15 mg ER tablets; 5 mg/5 mL syrup; 3.9 mg/24 h transdermal patch (Oxytrol); 10% topical gel
5 mg enteric-coated tablets; 10 mg rectal suppositories; OTC and Rx
5 mg tablets; 2.5 mg/5 mL oral solution; OTC
5 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL, 10 mg/5 mL, 15 mg/5 mL oral solutions (sweetened pediatric); 5 mg/5 mL syrup; ophthalmic 0.12%, 1% suspensions and 1% solution
5 mg tablets; combination with metformin
5 mg, 10 mg immediate-release tablets; 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg extended-release tablets
5 mg, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg, 10 mg chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; OTC
5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets
5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets
5, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL solution; 5 mg/mL IV; 15 mg/spray intranasal
5, 10 mg tabs
5, 10, 20 mg oral tablets; 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg IV (Solu-Cortef); 0.5%, 1%, 2.5% topical creams/ointments; rectal foam and enemas
5, 10, 20, 100 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL IV
5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg tablets; 4 mg/mL oral suspension
5, 10, 35, 40, 70 mg tablets; 70 mg/75 mL oral solution; 70 mg effervescent (Binosto)
5, 20, 40 mg tablets
5, 25, 50 mcg tablets (Cytomel); 10 mcg/mL IV (Triostat)
50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg tablets and capsules; delayed-release; suspension; IV
50, 100, 150 mg tablets
50, 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; 10, 40 mg/mL oral suspension; 2 mg/mL IV
50, 100, 200 mg tabs
50, 100, 250 mg capsules; 50 mg/5 mL syrup; OTC
50, 100, or 200 unit vials of lyophilized powder for reconstitution
50,000 IU capsules (Rx); 8,000 IU/mL oral solution (Rx); 400-5,000 IU OTC tablets and softgels
50/325/40 mg capsules
50/325/40 mg capsules and tablets; oral solution
500 mg, 1 g tablets
500 mg, 850 mg, 1000 mg IR tablets; 500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg ER tablets; 500 mg/5 mL oral solution
500, 750 mg tablets
60, 90 mg tablets
7/10, 14/10, 21/10, 28/10 mg ER capsules (memantine ER / donepezil)
70 mg/mL or 140 mg/mL prefilled autoinjector
72, 145, 290 mcg capsules
75 mg, 150 mg tablets
75 mg, 300 mg tablets
75, 150, 300 mg capsules; 75 mg/5 mL solution; 150 mg/mL IV; 1% topical; 2% vaginal cream
75, 150, 300 mg tablets
8 mg naltrexone / 90 mg bupropion ER tablets (titration-pack design)
8, 10, 20, 25 mEq tablets/capsules (most ER); effervescent and oral solution; IV concentrate (must be diluted)
85 mg sumatriptan / 500 mg naproxen sodium tablets; lower-dose 10/60 mg pediatric (Treximet pediatric)
95 mg (OTC), 99.5 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg tablets
A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed
Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI
Atrovent HFA 17 mcg/actuation MDI; 500 mcg/2.5 mL nebulizer solution; 0.03% and 0.06% intranasal sprays; with albuterol as DuoNeb / Combivent Respimat
Auto-injectors 0.15 mg (Jr/pediatric), 0.3 mg (adult); 1 mg/mL (1:1,000) ampules for IM/SC use; 0.1 mg/mL (1:10,000) for IV use; 2.25% racemic nebulizer
Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca
Bicillin L-A 600,000; 1.2M; 2.4M U IM; aqueous crystalline (Pfizerpen) 5M, 20M U IV; procaine 600,000 U/mL IM
Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal
Byetta pre-filled multi-dose pen: 5 µg / 10 µg per dose'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E5-QINU`"' · Bydureon BCise single-dose autoinjector: 2 mg extended-release microsphere suspension'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E6-QINU`"'
Capsules 10, 18, 25, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg
Capsules 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 mg; chewable tablets 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mg
Capsules 10, 25, 50, 75 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL
Capsules 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mg; oral concentrate 10 mg/mL; Silenor tablets 3, 6 mg; topical cream 5% (Prudoxin, Zonalon)
Capsules 100, 300, 400 mg; tablets 600, 800 mg; oral solution 250 mg/5 mL; Gralise ER tablets 300, 600 mg (once-daily); Horizant ER tablets 300, 600 mg (gabapentin enacarbil, an inactive parent compound metabolized to gabapentin in vivo)
Capsules 25, 50 mg; ER capsules 75 mg; oral suspension 25 mg/5 mL; suppositories 50 mg; injection 1 mg/vial (PDA closure)
Capsules 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 225, 300 mg; oral solution 20 mg/mL; Lyrica CR tablets 82.5, 165, 330 mg
Capsules 50, 100, 200, 400 mg; Elyxyb oral solution 25 mg/mL
Capsules: 3/25, 6/25, 6/50, 12/25, 12/50 mg olanzapine/fluoxetine
Carbonate 200, 400, 500, 600 mg elemental tablets and chewables; citrate 200, 250, 315 mg elemental; gluconate 1 g (94 mg elemental, 4.65 mEq) IV; chloride 1 g (270 mg elemental, 13.6 mEq) IV
Codeine/acetaminophen 15/300 (#2 historical), 30/300 (#3), 60/300 (#4) mg tablets; 12/120 mg/5 mL elixir
Cream, ointment, lotion, foam, solution, shampoo, spray at 0.025-0.05%; emollient and non-emollient bases
Desoxyn 5 mg tabs
Dextromethorphan 45 mg + bupropion 105 mg ER tablets
Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'')
Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh
Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus)
ER tablets 25, 50, 100 mg
Extended-release tablets 1, 2, 3, 4 mg (Intuniv); immediate-release tablets 1, 2 mg (Tenex)
Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk
Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin
Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying
Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered
Gels, patches, IM cypionate/enanthate/undecanoate, buccal tabs, nasal gel, oral undecanoate, subcutaneous pellets
Ground dried seed (nutmeg) or fruit aril (mace); occasionally infused
Historical: Sernyl 25 mg tablets, 10 mg/mL injection (human); Sernylan 100 mg/mL injection (veterinary). Illicit: white crystalline powder, oily liquid, "dipped" cigarettes ("wet"), tablets.
IR 30, 60, 90, 120 mg tablets; multiple ER capsules and tablets 60-420 mg; IV 5 mg/mL
IR 40, 80, 120 mg tablets; SR/ER 100-360 mg; IV 2.5 mg/mL
IR tablets 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg; ER tablets 0.1, 0.2 mg (Kapvay); transdermal patches 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/24h (TTS-1/2/3, weekly); epidural injection (Duraclon)
IR tablets 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 mg; ER tablets 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75, 4.5 mg
IR tablets 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg; XL tablets 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 mg
IR tablets 10, 20, 30, 40 mg; CR tablets 12.5, 25, 37.5 mg; oral suspension 10 mg/5 mL; Brisdelle capsules 7.5 mg
IR tablets 15, 30 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL, 20 mg/mL, 100 mg/5 mL (concentrated); suppositories; ER tablets and capsules in multiple strengths; injectable 0.5-50 mg/mL
IR tablets 150, 300, 600 mg; oral suspension 60 mg/mL; XR tablets 150, 300, 600 mg (Oxtellar)
IR tablets 200 mg; chewable 100 mg; oral suspension 100 mg/5 mL; XR tablets 100, 200, 400 mg (Tegretol XR); ER capsules 100, 200, 300 mg (Carbatrol, Equetro)
IR tablets 25, 100, 150, 200 mg; chewable dispersible tablets 2, 5, 25 mg; ODT 25, 50, 100, 200 mg; XR tablets 25, 50, 100, 200, 250, 300 mg
IR tablets 25, 37.5, 50, 75, 100 mg; XR capsules 37.5, 75, 150, 225 mg
IR tablets 25, 50 mg; ER tablets 100 mg; Cataflam IR 50 mg; Zorvolex 18, 35 mg; Voltaren gel 1%; Pennsaid 2% topical solution; Flector transdermal patch; Solaraze 3% gel; Cambia oral powder 50 mg
IR tablets 25, 50, 100 mg; Luvox CR capsules 100, 150 mg
IR tablets 25, 50, 100, 200 mg; sprinkle capsules 15, 25 mg; Trokendi XR capsules 25, 50, 100, 200 mg; Qudexy XR capsules; Eprontia oral solution 25 mg/mL
IR tablets 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg; XR tablets 500, 750 mg; oral solution 100 mg/mL; injection 100 mg/mL; Spritam ODT 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg
IR tablets 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 mg; Coreg CR capsules 10, 20, 40, 80 mg (once-daily)
IR tablets 30, 60 mg; 12-hour ER tablets 120 mg; 24-hour ER tablets 240 mg; oral liquid; multiple combination products with antihistamines, NSAIDs, or expectorants
IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray
IR tablets 5, 10 mg; oral solution 2 mg/mL; XR capsules 7, 14, 21, 28 mg
IR tablets 5, 7.5, 10 mg; Amrix ER capsules 15, 30 mg
IR tablets 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30 mg; IR oral solution 5 mg/5 mL; concentrated solution 20 mg/mL; OxyContin ER tablets 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 mg; Xtampza ER capsules
IR tablets 50 mg; ER tablets 100, 200, 300 mg (Ultram ER, ConZip); oral solution 5 mg/mL; combination products with acetaminophen (Ultracet)
IR tablets 50, 100, 150, 300 mg; Oleptro ER tablets 150, 300 mg
IR tabs 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 30 mg; XR caps 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg; Mydayis caps 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg
IV 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL; inhaled 300 mg/5 mL solution (Tobi, Bethkis); Podhaler dry powder; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment
Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists.
Inhaled MDI 44/110/220 mcg per actuation; DPI (Diskus) 50/100/250 mcg; nasal spray 50 mcg/actuation; cream/ointment 0.005%, 0.05%
Injection 0.5-4% solutions (with and without epinephrine); topical cream 4-5%; transdermal patch 5% (Lidoderm), 1.8% (ZTLido); oral 2% viscous solution; jelly 2%; ophthalmic
Investigational oral capsule
Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant
Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'')
Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s
MDI 90 mcg/puff; nebulizer solution 0.083% (2.5 mg/3 mL), 0.5%, 0.021%, 0.042%; syrup 2 mg/5 mL; 2 mg, 4 mg tablets; 4 mg, 8 mg ER
Mononitrate 10, 20 mg IR; 30, 60, 120 mg ER; dinitrate 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg IR and ER
Multiple non-bioequivalent fenofibrate and fenofibric acid formulations: 48-200 mg
Multiple non-bioequivalent oral formulations (pH-, time-, and moisture-dependent release); rectal enema 4 g/60 mL; 1 g rectal suppository
Nasonex 50 mcg/actuation intranasal; Asmanex HFA MDI 100/200 mcg; Asmanex Twisthaler DPI 110/220 mcg; Elocon 0.1% cream/ointment/lotion; Sinuva sinus implant; Dulera (with formoterol)
OTC 400, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000 IU softgels and tablets; Rx 50,000 IU capsules; liquid drops 400-2,000 IU/drop
OTC IR niacin 50-500 mg tablets; Niaspan ER 500, 750, 1000 mg tablets; "no-flush" niacin (inositol hexaniacinate, lacks evidence)
OTC tablets 220 mg; Rx tablets 250, 375, 500 mg; ER tablets 375, 500, 750 mg (Naprelan); oral suspension 125 mg/5 mL; enteric-coated tablets (EC-Naprosyn)
OTC tablets, sublingual tablets, gummies, liquid, extended-release tablets and capsules; common strengths 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10 mg
Oral 0.5, 1, 2 mg tablets; transdermal patches (twice-weekly and once-weekly); 0.06% gel; 1.53 mg/spray topical; vaginal ring (Estring); vaginal tablet (Vagifem/Yuvafem); vaginal cream
Oral 100, 200 mg capsules (peanut oil; check allergy); 100 mg vaginal insert (Endometrin); 4%, 8% vaginal gel (Crinone); IM 50 mg/mL
Oral tablets 25, 50, 100 mg; SC injection 4, 6 mg autoinjector; needle-free SC 6 mg (Sumavel); nasal spray 5, 20 mg; nasal powder 22 mg (Onzetra Xsail); low-dose autoinjector 3 mg (Zembrace SymTouch)
Oral tablets 5, 10, 23 mg; ODT 5, 10 mg; Adlarity transdermal patch 5, 10 mg/day (weekly application)
Orally disintegrating tablet 75 mg
Oxide 400, 500 mg tablets (240, 300 mg elemental); citrate 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; hydroxide oral suspension 400 mg/5 mL; sulfate IV 500 mg/mL ampules
Oxycodone/acetaminophen 2.5/325, 5/325, 7.5/325, 10/325 mg tablets; 5/325 mg/5 mL solution
Parotid-gland venom expressed onto a glass plate, dried into a shellac-like resin, vaporized and inhaled
Powder for oral solution in 4 L jugs (PEG 3350 ~236 g + NaCl, NaHCO3, KCl, Na2SO4) and low-volume packets
Pre-filled multi-dose pen (0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 2 mg, Ozempic;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000248-QINU`"' 0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 1.7 / 2.4 mg, Wegovy'"`UNIQ--ref-00000249-QINU`"') · Oral tablet 3 / 7 / 14 mg co-formulated with SNAC absorption enhancer (Rybelsus)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024A-QINU`"'
Pre-filled multi-dose pen (3 mL): Victoza 6 mg/mL (0.6 / 1.2 / 1.8 mg per day);'"`UNIQ--ref-00000183-QINU`"' Saxenda 6 mg/mL (0.6 / 1.2 / 1.8 / 2.4 / 3.0 mg per day)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000184-QINU`"'
Pre-filled single-dose pen and vial: 2.5 / 5 / 7.5 / 10 / 12.5 / 15 mg'"`UNIQ--ref-000002FC-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-000002FD-QINU`"'
Pre-filled single-dose pen: 0.75 / 1.5 / 3 / 4.5 mg'"`UNIQ--ref-00000054-QINU`"'
Pulmicort Flexhaler DPI 90, 180 mcg/dose; Pulmicort Respules 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/2 mL nebulized; Rhinocort intranasal 32 mcg/spray; Entocort EC 3 mg capsules; Uceris 9 mg ER tablets and rectal foam
Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated)
Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks
Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'')
Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine
SL 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 mg tablets; lingual spray 0.4 mg/spray; ER 2.5-9 mg capsules; transdermal patch 0.1-0.8 mg/hr; 2% ointment; 0.4% rectal ointment; 5 mg/mL IV
SL film or tablet, 2/0.5 to 12/3 mg per dose
SR tablets 100, 150, 200 mg; XL tablets 150, 300 mg; IR tablets 75, 100 mg (less common); Aplenzin (bupropion hydrobromide) 174, 348, 522 mg
Sandimmune 25, 100 mg capsules; Neoral 25, 100 mg modified soft gel; 100 mg/mL oral solution; 50 mg/mL IV; Restasis 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion
Synthesized psilocybin capsules (COMP360 and other investigational formulations); dried whole [[Psilocybe|Psilocybe]] mushrooms (variable potency, no legal supply chain in most jurisdictions); psilocybin truffles (Psilocybe sclerotia, legal in the Netherlands)
Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen).
Tablets 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg; M-Tab ODT 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL; Consta LAI 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg; Perseris SC LAI 90, 120 mg monthly
Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; oral concentrate 2 mg/mL; injection 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL; Loreev XR capsules 1, 2, 3 mg
Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; orally disintegrating tablets 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mg
Tablets 10 mg; injection 15 mg/mL and 30 mg/mL; nasal spray 15.75 mg/spray (Sprix); ophthalmic solution 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%
Tablets 10, 20, 40 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL
Tablets 10, 25, 50 mg (HCl); capsules 25, 50, 100 mg (pamoate); oral suspension 25 mg/5 mL; injection 25, 50 mg/mL (IM only, never IV)
Tablets 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mg
Tablets 100, 200, 300 mg; injection 5 mg/mL
Tablets 12.5, 25 mg; chewable tablets 25 mg
Tablets 12.5, 25, 50 mg; oral syrup 6.25 mg/5 mL; suppositories 12.5, 25, 50 mg; injection 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL
Tablets 2, 4 mg; capsules 2, 4, 6 mg ('''capsules and tablets are not bioequivalent''': capsules slower with food; tablets faster on empty stomach)
Tablets 2, 5, 10 mg; oral solution 1, 5 mg/mL; injection 5 mg/mL; Diastat rectal gel 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg; Valtoco nasal spray 5, 7.5, 10 mg/dose; Libervant buccal film
Tablets 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 mg; ODT 10, 15 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL; acute IM injection 9.75 mg/1.3 mL; Maintena LAI 300, 400 mg monthly; Aristada LAI 441, 662, 882, 1064 mg (4-8 week dosing); Asimtufii bi-monthly
Tablets 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20 mg; ODT (Zydis) 5, 10, 15, 20 mg; acute IM injection 10 mg/vial; Relprevv LAI 210, 300, 405 mg vials
Tablets 200, 400, 600, 800 mg; capsules 200 mg; oral suspension 100 mg/5 mL; chewable tablets 100 mg; injection 100 mg/mL (Caldolor)
Tablets 25, 50 mg; capsules; liquid; chewable; topical cream/gel; injection 50 mg/mL
Tablets 25, 50, 100 mg
Tablets 4 mg; oral syrup 2 mg/5 mL
Tablets 5, 10 mg; ODT (Maxalt-MLT) 5, 10 mg
Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; ophthalmic solution 0.25%, 0.5%; ophthalmic gel-forming solution 0.25%, 0.5% (Timoptic-XE)
Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL
Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; oral suspension 5 mg/5 mL (Ozobax, Fleqsuvy); intrathecal injection 50, 500, 1000, 2000 mcg/mL (Lioresal Intrathecal, Gablofen); oral granules (Lyvispah)
Tablets 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30 mg (the 15 and 30 mg tablets are scored for halving and quartering)
Tablets 50, 250 mg
Tablets 500, 750 mg; injection 100 mg/mL
Tablets 7.5, 15 mg (Mobic); capsules 5, 10 mg (Vivlodex); oral suspension 7.5 mg/5 mL; injection 30 mg/mL (Anjeso)
Tablets 7.5, 15, 30, 45 mg; orally disintegrating tablets (SolTab) 15, 30, 45 mg
Tablets 81 (low-dose), 325, 500, 650 mg; chewable 81 mg; enteric-coated tablets; effervescent tablets; suppositories
Tartrate: 25, 50, 100 mg tabs; 1 mg/mL IV. Succinate ER: 25, 50, 100, 200 mg.
Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate
Toothpaste, rinse, gel, varnish (topical); 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg tablets and drops (Rx supplements where appropriate)
Topical 0.01-0.1% creams, gels, micropsheres, lotions; oral 10 mg capsules (Vesanoid)
Topical creams, ointments, lotions, dental paste (0.025-0.5%); Kenalog 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL injection; Nasacort 55 mcg/spray intranasal; oral inhaler discontinued in US
Tramadol/acetaminophen 37.5/325 mg tablets
Was: 170 mg/1.7 mL, 300 mg/3 mL vials for IV infusion
Search
fda max:
150 mg/d (1)
routes:
Oral (1)
onset:
~30-60 min (1)
duration:
~9 hours (1)
halflife:
~7.1 hours (1)
bioavailability:
(Click arrow to add another value)
None
·
100% (IV)
·
~100% from subcutaneous depot
·
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
·
70–90% (oral)
·
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
·
~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
· ~95% ·
'''Saturable''' via the LAT-1 amino-acid transporter, producing nonlinear pharmacokinetics: ~60% at 300 mg single dose, falling to ~35% at 1200 mg single dose'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"'
·
10-20% (oral; reduced by food, calcium, antacids, PPIs, tea/coffee; enhanced by ascorbate)
·
100% (IV); essentially complete (oral)
·
100% (IV); rapidly neutralized by gastric acid (oral)
·
16-21% capsule, 25% suspension (oral; iron and antacids reduce absorption substantially)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009E5-QINU`"'
·
25 mg: ~29%; 50 mg: ~35%; food reduces absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C4F-QINU`"'
·
30-40% (oral; increases with repeated dosing as gastric pH rises)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000DF-QINU`"'
·
40-45% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000025C-QINU`"'
·
40-80% (oral); reduced by food, calcium, iron, PPIs, fiber; take fasting with water'"`UNIQ--ref-00000037-QINU`"'
·
42-58% (oral; dose-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AEF-QINU`"'
·
50-60% (oral; decreased with food, but food given anyway for GI tolerance)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"'
·
60-70% PO at low doses; saturable at high doses (parenteral routes preferred above 15-25 mg/week)'"`UNIQ--ref-000007C9-QINU`"'
Other values:
60-80% (oral)
60-80% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000843-QINU`"'
64-90% (oral; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000079-QINU`"'
65-75% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013F-QINU`"'
70-75% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000007ED-QINU`"'
70-80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002A4-QINU`"'
75-90% (oral; minimally affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001A2-QINU`"'
80-90% oral
90% (oral; food delays but does not reduce absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004F3-QINU`"'
<0.1% systemic absorption (PEG 3350 is too large to absorb intact)
<1% (oral; further reduced by food, calcium, iron, antacids; hence the strict fasting/upright dosing rules)'"`UNIQ--ref-000006C4-QINU`"'
<1% oral (extensive first-pass via CYP3A4); ~30% inhaled lung deposition'"`UNIQ--ref-000001DE-QINU`"'
<3% systemic absorption (the basis of the safety and mechanism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F5E-QINU`"'
<5% (extensive hepatic first-pass; food enhances absorption of IR, hence the evening-meal dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000808-QINU`"'
<5% (extensive hepatic first-pass; statin pharmacology is hepatocellular, not systemic)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000017B-QINU`"'
<5% systemic absorption (this is the safety basis)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DC3-QINU`"'
>90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
>90% (oral; food slows absorption and reduces peaks, hence the post-meal dosing rule)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001BD-QINU`"'
>90% (oral; not affected by food or gastric pH — a major practical advantage over itraconazole)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A48-QINU`"'
>90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001120-QINU`"'
Absolute bioavailability not precisely characterized; food modestly increases exposure
Acid-labile; not effective orally (oral form available outside US as penicillin G salts but penicillin V is preferred for oral use)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000141A-QINU`"'
Adequate (food-dependent, must take with fatty meal)
Adequate oral bioavailability
Adequate oral bioavailability with extended-release formulation
Buprenorphine ~30% SL; naloxone <10% SL (intentional, inactive sublingually, matters only if injected)
Butalbital well-absorbed; aspirin 50-75%; caffeine ~100%'"`UNIQ--ref-000015B8-QINU`"'
Butalbital well-absorbed; caffeine ~100%; acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-000015A0-QINU`"'
Carbonate ~30-40% (best with food and acid); citrate ~24% (absorbable without acid; preferred in achlorhydria, PPI use, post-bariatric)
Codeine ~60% (oral); acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001518-QINU`"'
Essentially zero systemic absorption from oral or topical routes — the topical-action-only profile is the basis of its safety'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D18-QINU`"'
High (oral)
High (oral); not significantly affected by food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000397-QINU`"'
High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FB5-QINU`"'
High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001051-QINU`"'
High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001165-QINU`"'
High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000012A0-QINU`"'
High (oral; absorption not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000825-QINU`"'
High (oral; food enhances)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001039-QINU`"'
High (oral; food prolongs absorption modestly)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000622-QINU`"'
High (oral; not affected by food, but typically given with the morning meal)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000027D-QINU`"'
High (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B65-QINU`"'
High with fat-containing meal; reduced in malabsorption
Highly formulation-dependent; the goal is colonic delivery with minimal systemic exposure'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BBF-QINU`"'
Highly route-dependent: SL bypasses first-pass; oral has extensive first-pass (used only for chronic ER preparations); transdermal predictable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C10-QINU`"'
Highly salt-dependent: citrate ~25-30%; oxide ~4% (limited and causes osmotic diarrhea); chloride ~12%
Highly variable due to saturable first-pass metabolism'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002C-QINU`"'
IM/SC ~100%; oral negligible (extensive first-pass and gut metabolism — hence the no-oral route)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E53-QINU`"'
IV/IM ~100%; inhaled: minimal systemic; oral: negligible (not used orally for systemic infection)'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B4-QINU`"'
Improved with food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"'
Increased substantially via CYP2D6 inhibition'"`UNIQ--ref-00001584-QINU`"'
Increased with food (varies by formulation; the micronized and nanocrystal forms are less food-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004AE-QINU`"'
Inhaled lung deposition with minimal systemic absorption (the basis of the favorable safety profile vs systemic antimuscarinics)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F7C-QINU`"'
Inhaled lung deposition ~20%; systemic absorption from lung ~33%; oral component negligible'"`UNIQ--ref-000009C1-QINU`"'
Intranasal ~40% systemic; ophthalmic minimal'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B7-QINU`"'
Intranasal: <1% systemic; inhaled lung deposition with extensive first-pass clearance'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F9D-QINU`"'
Limited but adequate; take with food
Local (intramuscular)
Local action; minimal systemic effect
Low systemic absorption (enteric coating delivers drug to colon)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106C-QINU`"'
Mononitrate ~100% (no first-pass; the principal advantage over dinitrate); dinitrate ~20%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001462-QINU`"'
Naltrexone ~5% (oral, extensive first-pass to 6β-naltrexol); bupropion ER ~87%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001569-QINU`"'
Negligible (not absorbed)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000058-QINU`"'
Negligible systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-0000119D-QINU`"'
Not characterized; oral dosing once daily
Not formally characterized for the combination
Not formally characterized in humans.
Not formally established
Not formally established (high SC)
Not formally established; oral once-daily adequate
Not well characterized
Not well characterized'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"'
Olanzapine 60% (oral); fluoxetine high (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000154E-QINU`"'
Oral bioavailability of psilocin from administered psilocybin approximately 50%
Oral bioavailability suitable for daily dosing
Oral non-undecanoate has essentially zero bioavailability (hepatic first-pass)
Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100%
Oral ~5% (extensive first-pass to estrone and conjugates); transdermal bypasses first-pass, giving more physiologic estradiol:estrone ratio'"`UNIQ--ref-000003BB-QINU`"'
Oral ~70%; depot IM provides sustained release over weeks'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101B-QINU`"'
Oral ~90%; depot IM essentially 100% over the dosing interval'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F21-QINU`"'
Oral: very low (extensive first-pass); micronization improves uptake somewhat. Vaginal: high local effect with lower systemic levels (first-uterine-pass concentration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000727-QINU`"'
Oxycodone 60-87%; aspirin 50-75%'"`UNIQ--ref-000014FB-QINU`"'
Rapid absorption; absolute bioavailability not formally established
Reasonable (not formally established as a percentage)
SC ~47%–65%'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005A-QINU`"'
SC ~55%'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018B-QINU`"'
SC ~65%–75%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
SC ~80%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
SC ~89%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> · Oral ~0.4–1% (SNAC-enhanced)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000254-QINU`"'
Sandimmune: highly variable (~30%); Neoral microemulsion: ~50%, less variable; '''Sandimmune and Neoral are NOT bioequivalent and not interchangeable''''"`UNIQ--ref-00000A92-QINU`"'
Substantially improved with high-fat meal; take with food'"`UNIQ--ref-000013D2-QINU`"'
Sumatriptan ~15% (oral; substantial first-pass); naproxen ~95%'"`UNIQ--ref-000015D2-QINU`"'
Tablet ~100% relative to oral solution; extensive first-pass metabolism
Topical with limited but measurable systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001219-QINU`"'
Topical with measurable systemic absorption (small CA inhibition observed clinically with chronic use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0B-QINU`"'
Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-000011DA-QINU`"'
Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-0000123A-QINU`"'
Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"'
Topical with variable systemic absorption depending on body site, occlusion, and skin integrity; HPA-axis suppression is documented even with brief courses to large areas'"`UNIQ--ref-0000079F-QINU`"'
Topical/intranasal: high local, low systemic; intra-articular: local depot then systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000667-QINU`"'
Topical/oral local action with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001399-QINU`"'
Topical: local effect on enamel; systemic supplementation has high oral bioavailability with skeletal accumulation
Topical: minimal systemic absorption (oral systemic 5-FU not used due to poor and variable absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011BF-QINU`"'
Topical: minimal systemic absorption with normal skin; oral: variable, induced metabolism with repeated dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA4-QINU`"'
Topical: minimal systemic; oral: pH-dependent, requires gastric acid'"`UNIQ--ref-00000889-QINU`"'
Topical: minimal systemic; troche: ~3% systemic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F46-QINU`"'
Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"'
Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000418-QINU`"'
Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A03-QINU`"'
Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA2-QINU`"'
Tramadol ~75% (oral); acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001531-QINU`"'
Variable (oral; rapidly conjugated to active glucuronide; food does not affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000451-QINU`"'
Variable; reduced by food, calcium, iron, PPIs'"`UNIQ--ref-00000037-QINU`"'
~0.3% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the intestinal and blood-brain barriers limit systemic and CNS exposure at therapeutic doses)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD3-QINU`"'
~10% inhaled reaches systemic circulation; ~50% PO'"`UNIQ--ref-0000009A-QINU`"'
~100% (oral); highly (~90%) protein-bound, with non-linear binding above therapeutic levels (free fraction matters clinically in hypoalbuminemia)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000097D-QINU`"'
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"'
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"'
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000706-QINU`"'
~100% (oral, but oral use is limited to continuation from parenteral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~100% (oral; absorption complete)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000126F-QINU`"'
~100% (oral; food delays absorption, hence pre-meal dosing for IR)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002DA-QINU`"'
~100% (oral; near-complete absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'
~100% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000493-QINU`"'
~100% both components
~100% from subcutaneous depot (by definition of the route)
~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers)
~14% (extensive hepatic first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
~14% (oral; substantial first-pass); ~97% (subcutaneous); ~17% (nasal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'
~15% (extensive hepatic first-pass)
~15% (oral; highly variable due to extensive and variable first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"'
~17% (oral; food slightly reduces absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000003D6-QINU`"'
~20% (oral; hydrophilic, minimal CYP metabolism, mostly excreted unchanged in bile)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000FD-QINU`"'
~20% (oral; valacyclovir prodrug raises this to ~55%)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000910-QINU`"'
~20-35% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 with R/S enantiomer differences)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A6C-QINU`"'
~22–25%
~25% (extensive hepatic first-pass)
~25% (high first-pass)
~25% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"'
~25% (oral, with extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"'
~25% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"'
~25% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005A-QINU`"'
~25% (oral; food reduces absorption ~40%)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004CE-QINU`"'
~25-35% (extensive first-pass), increased by food which slows absorption and reduces orthostatic risk'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
~25-40% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~25-50% (oral; substantial first-pass via NAT2 acetylation, phenotype-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000688-QINU`"'
~26% (oral; prodrug hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases to active olmesartan; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056D-QINU`"'
~28% (oral; food slows but does not reduce absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C33-QINU`"'
~30% (high first-pass)
~30% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~30% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000117D-QINU`"'
~30-65% (oral; acid-labile, hence enteric-coated formulations; food affects absorption variably)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3F-QINU`"'
~33%
~33% (extensive first-pass via CYP2C9 and CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BD-QINU`"'
~33% (oral; fruit juices including grapefruit, orange, and apple reduce absorption substantially via OATP1A2 inhibition — distinctive interaction not seen with most other H1s)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCD-QINU`"'
~33-55% (IR); reduced by food'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"'
~35% (oral, extensive first-pass; not used orally for systemic effect); ~100% (IV)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~36% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C93-QINU`"'
~37% (oral, as axetil prodrug; food modestly improves absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FFA-QINU`"'
~37% (oral; food does not affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A23-QINU`"'
~37% (oral; food reduces absorption modestly)'"`UNIQ--ref-000003FD-QINU`"'
~38% (oral; non-acidic prodrug improves GI tolerability over many other NSAIDs)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011FA-QINU`"'
~4% (extensive first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~40%
~40% (oral); food and formulation substantially alter the absorption profile'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~40% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000643-QINU`"'
~40% (oral; food does not significantly affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EB3-QINU`"'
~40-60% (oral, with significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~44%
~45% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C73-QINU`"'
~45% (oral; substantially higher than sumatriptan's ~14%)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000013-QINU`"'
~45%'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~48% intranasal
~5% intranasal
~5-20% (extensive first-pass), highly variable between individuals'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
~50%
~50% (highly variable)
~50% (oral); systemic absorption from ophthalmic application is clinically meaningful via nasolacrimal drainage'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002C5-QINU`"'
~50% (oral; highly variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CB4-QINU`"'
~50% (oral; highly variable, 10-100%, hence the standard 1:2 IV-to-PO conversion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000223-QINU`"'
~50% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FC-QINU`"'
~50% (oral; reduced by buffering and enteric coating but onset clinically similar)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"'
~50% (oral; substantial first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect).
~50% IR (extensive first-pass via CYP3A4); ER products release-rate-limited'"`UNIQ--ref-0000074E-QINU`"'
~50-60% (oral; food enhances)
~50-60% (oral; substantial first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"'
~53% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
~55% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'
~55% bioavailability of acyclovir after valacyclovir oral (vs ~20% from oral acyclovir directly)'"`UNIQ--ref-000005D7-QINU`"'
~58% (extended-release); ~80% (immediate-release)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~6% IR oral (substantial first-pass to active N-desethyl metabolite, which contributes most of the antimuscarinic adverse effects); transdermal bypasses first-pass and is better tolerated'"`UNIQ--ref-000006E2-QINU`"'
~6-13% inhaled lung deposition; ~10% oral (Entocort EC; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 — this is the basis of the favorable hepatic-targeted local-effect profile in IBD)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A6-QINU`"'
~60%
~60% (oral); ~100% (IM)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~60% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000379-QINU`"'
~60% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D5A-QINU`"'
~60% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B85-QINU`"'
~60% (oral; phenoxymethyl modification makes it acid-stable, unlike penicillin G which is destroyed by gastric acid)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E77-QINU`"'
~60% (oral; substantially increased with high-fat meal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001093-QINU`"'
~60% from subcutaneous depot (reduced by reversible albumin binding via the myristic acid side chain that also extends duration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001375-QINU`"'
~60-87% (oral; high and more consistent than codeine or hydrocodone, making efficacy less CYP2D6-genotype-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~60-87% oxycodone (high and predictable, less CYP-genotype-dependent than codeine or hydrocodone); 85-98% acetaminophen'"`UNIQ--ref-000014E3-QINU`"'
~60–70% (oral)
~62%
~63% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000532-QINU`"'
~63% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"'
~64% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'
~64% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000015F-QINU`"'
~64% from SC depot'"`UNIQ--ref-00001104-QINU`"'
~64-90% (oral; increases at higher doses and with multi-day dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008E9-QINU`"'
~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000784-QINU`"'
~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AB1-QINU`"'
~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000013F6-QINU`"'
~67% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B26-QINU`"'
~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"'
~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"'
~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008C5-QINU`"'
~70% (oral; bioavailability and absorption are improved with food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000355-QINU`"'
~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"'
~70-85% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg)
~72% (with food); much lower fasting (~36%)
~72% from SC depot'"`UNIQ--ref-00001480-QINU`"'
~72% oral; ~85% smoked'"`UNIQ--ref-00000066-QINU`"'
~75%
~75% (IR, rises with multi-dose administration due to saturable first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~75% (oral, as the active carboxylate after hepatic esterase activation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E95-QINU`"'
~75% (oral; absorption improved with fat-containing meal)
~75% (oral; fat-soluble, absorption requires intact biliary/lipid digestion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000331-QINU`"'
~75-85% (oral); ~60% (transdermal at steady state)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~75–90% (oral)
~77% (oral; not affected by food or antacids)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000011E-QINU`"'
~78% (oral; high-fat meal modestly reduces but is not clinically significant)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000553-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000029-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000310-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEC-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E2C-QINU`"'
~80% (oral; predictable absorption — a substantive practical advantage over furosemide whose oral absorption is 10-100% variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B47-QINU`"'
~80% (oral; reduced by significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EFA-QINU`"'
~80-100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~80-100% with food at 15-20 mg doses (10 mg dose: ~80% without food); '''must be taken with food''' at therapeutic doses'"`UNIQ--ref-00000514-QINU`"'
~80-95% (oral; more reliable than furosemide, comparable to torsemide)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DE4-QINU`"'
~80-99% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000868-QINU`"'
~82%
~82% SC
~85-90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000955-QINU`"'
~85-98% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000006A6-QINU`"'
~87% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
~87% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000766-QINU`"'
~89% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~90% (low first-pass)
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DFF-QINU`"'
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001140-QINU`"'
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001443-QINU`"'
~90% (oral, low first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
~90% (oral; food increases absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008A4-QINU`"'
~90% (oral; not affected by food but reduced by divalent cations)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D83-QINU`"'
~93% (oral); ~90% (rectal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~93% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ED4-QINU`"'
~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"'
~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"'
~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000149E-QINU`"'
~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000014C4-QINU`"'
~95% (oral; reduced by dairy, antacids, iron via divalent-cation chelation, though less than for tetracycline itself)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047E-QINU`"'
~96% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AD2-QINU`"'
~96% after red blood cell hydrolytic cleavage releases dextroamphetamine'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'
~98% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"'
~99% (caffeine)
~99% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"'
~99% (oral; matched 1:1 IV-to-PO conversion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF6-QINU`"'
≥90% (linear pharmacokinetics, distinguishing it favorably from gabapentin's saturable LAT-1 absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
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pregnancy:
Limited data; pregnancy exposure registry available (1)
legal:
Rx, Schedule IV (US) (1)
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