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Choose a table:
Medicines (732)
Medicines
> classes:
Sedative-Hypnotic
&
bioavailability:
~48% intranasal
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
(There are no values for this filter)
brand:
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classes:
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Research material
·
Classic Psychedelic
·
Stimulant
·
Opioid
· Sedative-Hypnotic ·
Phenethylamine
·
Tryptamine
·
Benzodiazepine
·
Botanical
·
[[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]]
·
Dissociative
·
Anticonvulsant
·
Antidepressant
·
Plant Medicine
·
Analgesic
·
Antipsychotic
·
Antiparkinsonian
·
Empathogen
·
Neuroleptic
·
Cathinone
Other values:
2C-x series
5HT1A activity than aripiprazole
5HT2A
5HT2A/D2 antagonist with proposed differential pre/post-synaptic D2 activity
AChE inhibitor
APL)]]
Addiction medicine
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonist
Alpha-2 agonist
Amphetamine
Amphetamine-like
Analgesic / antipyretic
Androgen / Anabolic Steroid
Anesthetic
Anesthetic adjunct
Animal Medicine
Anti-CGRP ligand monoclonal antibody
Anti-CGRP receptor monoclonal antibody
Anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) monoclonal antibody
Anti-dementia
Anticholinergic
Antiemetic
Antihistamine
Anxiolytic
Atypical antipsychotic
Barbiturate
Benzofuran
Beta Blocker
CGRP receptor antagonist
CNS stimulant
COMT inhibitor
Caffeine plant
Cannabinoid
Cannabinoid (minor)
Cardioselective (β1)
Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator
Cathinone source
Combined cholinesterase inhibitor + NMDA antagonist
D2/5HT1A partial agonist with stronger α1A
D2/D3/5HT1A partial agonist
Daimonica
Decongestant
Deliriant
Designer benzodiazepine
Dopamine agonist
Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA)
Empathogenica
Ergoline
Ergotamine
Eugeroic
Excitantia
GABA-A positive allosteric modulator
GABA-A positive allosteric modulator (oral)
GABAB Agonist; Endogenous GHB receptor agonist
GABAergic
GLP-1 receptor agonist
Gepant
Histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist / antagonist
Inhalant
Inhalational anesthetic
Local anesthetic
Lysergamide
MAO-B inhibitor
MAOI
Migraine medicine
Mood Stabilizer
Multimodal antidepressant: SERT inhibitor + 5HT1A agonist + 5HT1B partial agonist + 5HT3/5HT7 antagonist
Multimodal serotonergic; HSDD treatment
Muscle relaxant
NDRI
NMDA receptor antagonist (uncompetitive
NMDA receptor antagonist (uncompetitive)
NMDA receptor antagonist + sigma-1 agonist + NDRI (combination)
NRI
NSAID
Neuroactive steroid
Neuromuscular blocker
Neurotoxin
Non-selective
Nootropic
Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)
Oneirogen
Opioid agonist therapy (OAT); Partial μ-agonist + abuse-deterrent
Opioid antagonist
PDE5 Inhibitor
Peptide
Phantastica
Pharmaceutical
Phenidate
Piperazine
Plant Med
Prodrug
Psychedelic
Psychostimulant
Pyrrolidinophenone
RIMA
Racetam
Rhapsodica
SARI
SNRI
SSRI
SSRI)]]
Sedative
Selective 5HT2A inverse agonist (with weaker 5HT2C inverse agonism)
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) with 5HT1A partial agonism
Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor (SPARI)
Synthetic cannabinoid
TCA
THC oxidation product
Thienodiazepine
Trace amine
Triazolobenzodiazepine
Triptan
Tropane alkaloid plant
Typical antipsychotic
Xanthine
Z-drug
[[:Category:5-HT3_antagonists|5-HT3 receptor antagonist]]
[[:Category:5-alpha-reductase_inhibitors|5α-reductase inhibitor (dual type I/II)]]
[[:Category:5-alpha-reductase_inhibitors|5α-reductase inhibitor]]
[[:Category:5-aminosalicylates|5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA)]]
[[:Category:ACE_inhibitors|ACE inhibitor]]
[[:Category:ADHD medicines|ADHD medicine]]
[[:Category:Acetic_acid_derivatives|Acetic acid derivative]]
[[:Category:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors|Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor]]
[[:Category:Adamantanes|Adamantane derivative]]
[[:Category:Aldosterone_antagonists|Mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptor antagonist]]
[[:Category:Allylamines|Allylamine]]
[[:Category:Alpha-1_blockers|Alpha-1 adrenergic blocker (non-selective)]]
[[:Category:Alpha-1_blockers|Alpha-1A adrenergic blocker]]
[[:Category:Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists|Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist]]
[[:Category:Alpha-2_agonists|Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist]]
[[:Category:Aminoglycosides|Aminoglycoside antibiotic]]
[[:Category:Aminopenicillins|Aminopenicillin]]
[[:Category:Amphetamines|Amphetamine]]
[[:Category:Analgesics|Analgesic (opioid-sparing parenteral)]]
[[:Category:Analgesics|Analgesic]]
[[:Category:Analgesics|Non-opioid analgesic]]
[[:Category:Androgen_modulators|Androgen modulator]]
[[:Category:Anesthetics|Anesthetic (historical)]]
[[:Category:Anesthetics|Anesthetic]]
[[:Category:Angiotensin_receptor_blockers|Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)]]
[[:Category:Anorectics|Anorectic (appetite suppressant)]]
[[:Category:Anorectics|Anorectic (weight-loss agent)]]
[[:Category:Antacids|Antacid (carbonate)]]
[[:Category:Antacids|Antacid (hydroxide)]]
[[:Category:Antacids|Antacid]]
[[:Category:Anti-dementia medicines|Anti-dementia medicine]]
[[:Category:Anti-herpesvirus_agents|Anti-herpesvirus agent]]
[[:Category:Anti-inflammatories|Anti-inflammatory]]
[[:Category:Anti-influenza_agents|Anti-influenza agent]]
[[:Category:Anti-ulcer_agents|Anti-ulcer agent]]
[[:Category:Antiandrogens|Antiandrogen]]
[[:Category:Antianginals|Antianginal]]
[[:Category:Antiarrhythmics|Antiarrhythmic (IV sulfate
[[:Category:Antiarrhythmics|Antiarrhythmic (Vaughan Williams Class IB)]]
[[:Category:Antiarrhythmics|Antiarrhythmic (Vaughan-Williams class IC)]]
[[:Category:Antiarrhythmics|Antiarrhythmic (Vaughan-Williams class III)]]
[[:Category:Antiarrhythmics|Antiarrhythmic (class IV)]]
[[:Category:Antiasthmatic_agents|Antiasthmatic]]
[[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial (anaerobic)]]
[[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]]
[[:Category:Anticaries_agents|Anticaries agent]]
[[:Category:Anticholinergics|Anticholinergic]]
[[:Category:Anticoagulants|Anticoagulant]]
[[:Category:Anticonvulsants|Anticonvulsant]]
[[:Category:Antidepressants|Antidepressant (bupropion
[[:Category:Antidepressants|Antidepressant (fluoxetine
[[:Category:Antidepressants|Antidepressant]]
[[:Category:Antidiarrheals|Antidiarrheal]]
[[:Category:Antiemetics|Antiemetic]]
[[:Category:Antiepileptics|Antiepileptic]]
[[:Category:Antifolates|Antifolate]]
[[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal (allylamine)]]
[[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal (imidazole)]]
[[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal (triazole)]]
[[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal]]
[[:Category:Antiglaucoma medicines|Antiglaucoma medicine]]
[[:Category:Antigout_agents|Antigout agent]]
[[:Category:Antihistamines|Antihistamine (potent H1)]]
[[:Category:Antihistamines|Antihistamine]]
[[:Category:Antihistamines|First-generation antihistamine (ethanolamine)]]
[[:Category:Antihistamines|First-generation antihistamine (piperazine)]]
[[:Category:Antihistamines|First-generation antihistamine]]
[[:Category:Antihyperglycemic_agents|Antihyperglycemic agent]]
[[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive (historical)]]
[[:Category:Antihyperuricemic_agents|Antihyperuricemic agent]]
[[:Category:Antimalarials|Antimalarial (4-aminoquinoline)]]
[[:Category:Antimetabolites|Antimetabolite (pyrimidine analog)]]
[[:Category:Antimigraine medicines|Antimigraine medicine]]
[[:Category:Antimigraine_agents|Antimigraine agent]]
[[:Category:Antimuscarinics|Antimuscarinic (M3-selective)]]
[[:Category:Antimuscarinics|Antimuscarinic]]
[[:Category:Antineoplastics|Antineoplastic (oral
[[:Category:Antineoplastics|Antineoplastic]]
[[:Category:Antioxidants|Antioxidant]]
[[:Category:Antiparasitics|Antiparasitic]]
[[:Category:Antiparkinsonians|Antiparkinsonian]]
[[:Category:Antiplatelet_agents|Antiplatelet agent]]
[[:Category:Antiplatelets|Antiplatelet]]
[[:Category:Antiprotozoals|Antiprotozoal]]
[[:Category:Antipruritics|Antipruritic]]
[[:Category:Antipyretics|Antipyretic]]
[[:Category:Antiresorptives|Antiresorptive]]
[[:Category:Antisecretory_agents|Gastric acid suppressant]]
[[:Category:Antiseptics|Antiseptic]]
[[:Category:Antispasmodics|GI antispasmodic]]
[[:Category:Antispastics|Antispastic]]
[[:Category:Antithyroid_agents|Antithyroid agent]]
[[:Category:Antitussives|Antitussive]]
[[:Category:Antivertigo medicines|Antivertigo medicine]]
[[:Category:Antivirals|Antiviral]]
[[:Category:Anxiolytics|Anxiolytic]]
[[:Category:Aromatase_inhibitors|Aromatase inhibitor (non-steroidal)]]
[[:Category:Arylcyclohexylamines|Arylcyclohexylamine]]
[[:Category:Atypical neuroleptics|Atypical neuroleptic (second-generation)]]
[[:Category:Atypical neuroleptics|Atypical neuroleptic]]
[[:Category:Azalides|Azalide]]
[[:Category:Azapirones|Azapirone]]
[[:Category:Azo_dyes|Azo dye]]
[[:Category:B-vitamins|B-vitamin]]
[[:Category:BPH_treatments|Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment]]
[[:Category:Bacteriostatic_antibiotics|Bacteriostatic antibiotic]]
[[:Category:Barbiturates|Barbiturate (butalbital)]]
[[:Category:Barbiturates|Barbiturate (parent compound)]]
[[:Category:Basal_insulins|Basal insulin]]
[[:Category:Benzisoxazoles|Benzisoxazole]]
[[:Category:Benzodiazepines|Benzodiazepine (long-acting)]]
[[:Category:Benzodiazepines|Benzodiazepine]]
[[:Category:Beta blockers|Beta blocker (cardioselective β1)]]
[[:Category:Beta blockers|Beta blocker (non-selective
[[:Category:Beta blockers|Beta blocker (non-selective)]]
[[:Category:Beta blockers|Combined alpha-1 and non-selective beta blocker]]
[[:Category:Beta-2_adrenergic_agonists|Short-acting β2-agonist]]
[[:Category:Beta-3_agonists|β3 adrenergic agonist]]
[[:Category:Beta-lactam_antibiotics|β-lactam antibiotic]]
[[:Category:Biguanides|Biguanide]]
[[:Category:Biologics|Biologic]]
[[:Category:Bisbiguanides|Bisbiguanide]]
[[:Category:Bisphosphonates|Bisphosphonate (nitrogen-containing)]]
[[:Category:Bowel_preparation_agents|Bowel preparation agent]]
[[:Category:Bronchodilators|Bronchodilator]]
[[:Category:Calcineurin_inhibitors|Calcineurin inhibitor]]
[[:Category:Calcium_channel_blockers|Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine)]]
[[:Category:Calcium_channel_blockers|Calcium channel blocker (non-dihydropyridine)]]
[[:Category:Calcium_channel_blockers|Calcium channel blocker]]
[[:Category:Calcium_supplements|Calcium supplement]]
[[:Category:Carbonic_anhydrase_inhibitors|Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (topical)]]
[[:Category:Cardiovascular_agents|Cardiovascular agent]]
[[:Category:Catecholamines|Catecholamine]]
[[:Category:Cephalosporins|Cephalosporin (first-generation)]]
[[:Category:Cephalosporins|Cephalosporin (second-generation)]]
[[:Category:Cephalosporins|Cephalosporin (third-generation)]]
[[:Category:Cholesterol_absorption_inhibitors|Cholesterol absorption inhibitor]]
[[:Category:Chronobiotics|Chronobiotic (circadian phase regulator)]]
[[:Category:Classical Psychedelics (Serotonergic)|Classic Psychedelic]]
[[:Category:Classical Psychedelics (Serotonergic)|Serotonergic psychedelic]]
[[:Category:Corticosteroids|Corticosteroid]]
[[:Category:Crystalloid_IV_fluids|Crystalloid IV fluid]]
[[:Category:Cyclopentyltriazolopyrimidines|Cyclopentyltriazolopyrimidine]]
[[:Category:DMARDs|DMARD]]
[[:Category:DOACs|Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC)]]
[[:Category:DPP-4_inhibitors|DPP-4 inhibitor]]
[[:Category:Decongestants|Decongestant]]
[[:Category:Depigmenting_agents|Depigmenting agent]]
[[:Category:Dibenzothiazepines|Dibenzothiazepine]]
[[:Category:Diphenylmethane_laxatives|Diphenylmethane laxative]]
[[:Category:Direct_factor_Xa_inhibitors|Direct factor Xa inhibitor]]
[[:Category:Direct_vasodilators|Direct arteriolar vasodilator]]
[[:Category:Disaccharides|Non-absorbable disaccharide]]
[[:Category:Dissociatives|Dissociative]]
[[:Category:Diuretics|Diuretic]]
[[:Category:Dopamine agonists|Dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist (non-ergot)]]
[[:Category:Dopamine_D2_antagonists|Dopamine D2 antagonist]]
[[:Category:Electrolyte_replacements|Electrolyte replacement]]
[[:Category:Endocrine_therapy|Endocrine therapy]]
[[:Category:Estrogens|Estrogen]]
[[:Category:Expectorants|Expectorant]]
[[:Category:Fat-soluble_vitamins|Fat-soluble vitamin]]
[[:Category:Fibrates|Fibrate]]
[[:Category:Fixed-dose_combinations|Fixed-dose combination]]
[[:Category:Fluoroquinolones|Fluoroquinolone antibiotic]]
[[:Category:GABA-B receptor agonists|GABA-B receptor agonist]]
[[:Category:Gabapentinoids|Gabapentinoid]]
[[:Category:Gepants|Gepant (small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonist)]]
[[:Category:Glaucoma_medications|Glaucoma medication]]
[[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid (intermediate-acting)]]
[[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid (long-acting
[[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid (short-acting
[[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid]]
[[:Category:Guanylate_cyclase_C_agonists|Guanylate cyclase-C agonist]]
[[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist (second-generation)]]
[[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist]]
[[:Category:H2_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H2 receptor antagonist]]
[[:Category:Heart failure medicines|Heart failure medicine]]
[[:Category:Heart_failure_medications|Heart failure medication]]
[[:Category:Hematinics|Hematinic]]
[[:Category:Hepatic_encephalopathy_treatments|Hepatic encephalopathy treatment]]
[[:Category:Hormonal_contraceptives|Hormonal contraceptive (Depo)]]
[[:Category:Hormonal_contraceptives|Hormonal contraceptive]]
[[:Category:Hormone_replacement_therapy|Hormone replacement therapy]]
[[:Category:Hormone_replacement|Hormone replacement]]
[[:Category:Hormones|Hormone (steroid)]]
[[:Category:Hydroxypyridones|Hydroxypyridone]]
[[:Category:IBD_medications|IBD medication]]
[[:Category:IBS_treatments|IBS-C treatment]]
[[:Category:Immunomodulators|Immunomodulator]]
[[:Category:Immunosuppressants|Immunosuppressant]]
[[:Category:Incretin_modulators|Incretin pathway modulator]]
[[:Category:Inhaled_corticosteroids|Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)]]
[[:Category:Inotropes|Inotrope]]
[[:Category:Insulin_secretagogues|Insulin secretagogue]]
[[:Category:Insulins|Insulin]]
[[:Category:Intranasal_antihistamines|Intranasal antihistamine]]
[[:Category:Iron_supplements|Iron supplement]]
[[:Category:Leukotriene_receptor_antagonists|Leukotriene receptor antagonist]]
[[:Category:Lincosamides|Lincosamide antibiotic]]
[[:Category:Lipid-lowering_agents|Lipid-lowering agent]]
[[:Category:Local anesthetics|Local anesthetic (amide class)]]
[[:Category:Long-acting_insulins|Long-acting insulin analog]]
[[:Category:Long-acting_muscarinic_antagonists|Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)]]
[[:Category:Loop_diuretics|Loop diuretic]]
[[:Category:Macrocyclic_lactones|Macrocyclic lactone (avermectin)]]
[[:Category:Macrolide_antibiotics|Macrolide antibiotic]]
[[:Category:Mast_cell_stabilizers|Mast cell stabilizer]]
[[:Category:Mealtime_insulins|Mealtime (bolus) insulin]]
[[:Category:Melatonin receptor agonists|Melatonin receptor agonist]]
[[:Category:Methylxanthines|Methylxanthine (caffeine)]]
[[:Category:Microtubule_inhibitors|Microtubule inhibitor]]
[[:Category:Migraine prophylactics|Migraine prophylactic]]
[[:Category:Migraine_prophylaxis|Migraine prophylaxis]]
[[:Category:Monoclonal_antibodies|Monoclonal antibody (fully human IgG1)]]
[[:Category:Monoclonal_antibodies|Monoclonal antibody (fully human IgG2)]]
[[:Category:Mood stabilizers|Mood stabilizer (off-label)]]
[[:Category:Mood stabilizers|Mood stabilizer]]
[[:Category:Mood_stabilizers|Mood stabilizer]]
[[:Category:Mucolytics|Mucolytic]]
[[:Category:Mucosal_protectants|Mucosal protectant]]
[[:Category:NDRIs|Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)]]
[[:Category:NMDA receptor antagonists|NMDA receptor antagonist (uncompetitive
[[:Category:NMDA_receptor_antagonists|NMDA receptor antagonist]]
[[:Category:NRIs|Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI)]]
[[:Category:NSAIDs|NSAID (aspirin)]]
[[:Category:NSAIDs|NSAID (naproxen)]]
[[:Category:NSAIDs|Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID
[[:Category:NSAIDs|Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID)]]
[[:Category:NSAIDs|Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)]]
[[:Category:Neuraminidase_inhibitors|Neuraminidase inhibitor]]
[[:Category:Neuroleptics|Atypical neuroleptic (olanzapine)]]
[[:Category:Neuroleptics|Neuroleptic]]
[[:Category:Neuropathic pain medicines|Neuropathic pain medicine]]
[[:Category:Nitrates|Organic nitrate]]
[[:Category:Nitrofurans|Nitrofuran]]
[[:Category:Nitroimidazoles|Nitroimidazole antibiotic]]
[[:Category:Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics|Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic]]
[[:Category:Non-opioid_analgesics|Non-opioid analgesic (acetaminophen)]]
[[:Category:Nucleoside_analogs|Nucleoside analog (prodrug)]]
[[:Category:Nucleoside_analogs|Nucleoside analog]]
[[:Category:Ocular_hypotensive_agents|Ocular hypotensive agent]]
[[:Category:Omega-3_fatty_acids|Omega-3 fatty acid]]
[[:Category:Ophthalmic_antihistamines|Ophthalmic antihistamine]]
[[:Category:Opioid analgesics|Opioid analgesic (atypical
[[:Category:Opioid analgesics|Opioid analgesic (natural phenanthrene from opium poppy)]]
[[:Category:Opioid analgesics|Opioid analgesic (semi-synthetic)]]
[[:Category:Opioid withdrawal medicines|Opioid withdrawal medicine]]
[[:Category:Opioid_analgesics|Opioid analgesic (codeine
[[:Category:Opioid_analgesics|Opioid analgesic]]
[[:Category:Opioid_antagonists|Opioid antagonist (naltrexone)]]
[[:Category:Opioid_receptor_agonists|Peripheral opioid receptor agonist (μ-selective
[[:Category:Orexigenics|Appetite-promoting medicine (orexigenic)]]
[[:Category:Osmotic_laxatives|Osmotic laxative (citrate
[[:Category:Osmotic_laxatives|Osmotic laxative]]
[[:Category:Osteoporosis_medications|Osteoporosis medication]]
[[:Category:Overactive_bladder_medications|Overactive bladder medication]]
[[:Category:P2Y12_inhibitors|P2Y12 receptor inhibitor (reversible)]]
[[:Category:P2Y12_inhibitors|P2Y12 receptor inhibitor]]
[[:Category:PCSK9_inhibitors|PCSK9 inhibitor]]
[[:Category:PPAR_alpha_agonists|PPAR-α agonist]]
[[:Category:PPAR_gamma_agonists|PPAR-γ agonist]]
[[:Category:Penicillins|Penicillin (natural
[[:Category:Penicillins|Penicillin]]
[[:Category:Phenothiazines|Phenothiazine]]
[[:Category:Polyene_antifungals|Polyene antifungal]]
[[:Category:Potassium-sparing_diuretics|Potassium-sparing diuretic]]
[[:Category:Potassium_supplements|Potassium supplement]]
[[:Category:Progestins|Progestin (synthetic progestogen)]]
[[:Category:Progestogens|Progestin (synthetic progestogen)]]
[[:Category:Progestogens|Progestogen]]
[[:Category:Prokinetics|Prokinetic (off-label)]]
[[:Category:Prokinetics|Prokinetic]]
[[:Category:Prostaglandin_analogs|Prostaglandin F2α analog]]
[[:Category:Proton_pump_inhibitors|Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)]]
[[:Category:Psychedelics|Psychedelic]]
[[:Category:Psychostimulants|Psychostimulant]]
[[:Category:Pyranocarboxylic_acid_derivatives|Pyranocarboxylic acid derivative]]
[[:Category:Rapid-acting_insulins|Rapid-acting insulin analog]]
[[:Category:Retinoids|Retinoid]]
[[:Category:SARIs|Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI)]]
[[:Category:SGLT2_inhibitors|SGLT2 inhibitor]]
[[:Category:SNRIs|Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)]]
[[:Category:SSRIs|Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)]]
[[:Category:SV2A ligands|Synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) ligand]]
[[:Category:Schedule II controlled substances|Schedule II controlled substance]]
[[:Category:Schedule IV controlled substances|Schedule IV controlled substance]]
[[:Category:Schedule V controlled substances|Schedule V controlled substance]]
[[:Category:Schedule_III_controlled_substances|Schedule III controlled substance]]
[[:Category:Schedule_II_controlled_substances|Schedule II controlled substance]]
[[:Category:Schedule_IV_controlled_substances|Schedule IV controlled substance]]
[[:Category:Second-generation neuroleptics|Second-generation (atypical) neuroleptic]]
[[:Category:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)|SSRI]]
[[:Category:Serotonin 5-HT1A partial agonists|Serotonin 5-HT1A partial agonist]]
[[:Category:Serotonin antagonists|Serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist]]
[[:Category:Serotonin-dopamine antagonists|Serotonin-dopamine antagonist]]
[[:Category:Sex_hormones|Sex hormone]]
[[:Category:Short-acting_muscarinic_antagonists|Short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA)]]
[[:Category:Sigma-1_receptor_agonists|Sigma-1 receptor agonist]]
[[:Category:Skeletal muscle relaxants|Skeletal muscle relaxant (centrally-acting)]]
[[:Category:Skeletal muscle relaxants|Skeletal muscle relaxant]]
[[:Category:Skin_lightening_agents|Skin-lightening agent]]
[[:Category:Sleep aids|Sleep aid (Silenor low-dose)]]
[[:Category:Sleep aids|Sleep aid (off-label)]]
[[:Category:Sleep aids|Sleep aid]]
[[:Category:Smoking cessation medicines|Smoking cessation medicine]]
[[:Category:Sodium channel blockers|Sodium channel blocker]]
[[:Category:Statins|Statin]]
[[:Category:Stimulant_laxatives|Stimulant laxative]]
[[:Category:Stool_softeners|Stool softener]]
[[:Category:Sulfonylureas|Sulfonylurea (second-generation)]]
[[:Category:Sulfonylureas|Sulfonylurea (third-generation)]]
[[:Category:Surfactants|Surfactant]]
[[:Category:Sympathomimetics|Sympathomimetic (indirect-acting)]]
[[:Category:Sympathomimetics|Sympathomimetic]]
[[:Category:TNF_inhibitors|TNF-α inhibitor]]
[[:Category:Tetracyclic antidepressants|Tetracyclic antidepressant]]
[[:Category:Tetracycline_antibiotics|Tetracycline antibiotic]]
[[:Category:Thiazide-like_diuretics|Thiazide-like diuretic]]
[[:Category:Thiazide_diuretics|Thiazide diuretic]]
[[:Category:Thiazolidinediones|Thiazolidinedione (TZD)]]
[[:Category:Thienobenzodiazepines|Thienobenzodiazepine]]
[[:Category:Thienopyridines|Thienopyridine]]
[[:Category:Thionamides|Thionamide]]
[[:Category:Third-generation neuroleptics|Third-generation neuroleptic]]
[[:Category:Thyroid_hormones|Thyroid hormone]]
[[:Category:Tocolytics|Tocolytic (off-label)]]
[[:Category:Topical_antibiotics|Topical antibiotic]]
[[:Category:Topical_antifungals|Topical antifungal]]
[[:Category:Topical_corticosteroids|Topical corticosteroid (Class I
[[:Category:Topical_corticosteroids|Topical corticosteroid (high-to-super-high potency depending on ester)]]
[[:Category:Topical_corticosteroids|Topical corticosteroid]]
[[:Category:Topical_retinoids|Topical retinoid]]
[[:Category:Trace_elements|Trace element]]
[[:Category:Tremor medicines|Tremor medicine]]
[[:Category:Triazoles|Triazole]]
[[:Category:Tricyclic antidepressants|Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA
[[:Category:Tricyclic antidepressants|Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)]]
[[:Category:Tricyclic-related compounds|Tricyclic-related compound]]
[[:Category:Triptans|Triptan (5-HT1B/1D agonist)]]
[[:Category:Tryptamines|Tryptamine]]
[[:Category:Ultra-long-acting_insulins|Ultra-long-acting insulin analog]]
[[:Category:Urinary_analgesics|Urinary tract analgesic]]
[[:Category:Urinary_anti-infectives|Urinary anti-infective]]
[[:Category:Vasodilators|Vasodilator]]
[[:Category:Vasopressors|Vasopressor]]
[[:Category:Vitamin_D_analogs|Vitamin D analog (active form)]]
[[:Category:Vitamin_D_analogs|Vitamin D analog]]
[[:Category:Vitamin_K_antagonists|Vitamin K antagonist]]
[[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]]
[[:Category:Water-soluble_vitamins|Water-soluble vitamin]]
[[:Category:Weight loss medicines|Weight loss medicine]]
[[:Category:Xanthine_oxidase_inhibitors|Xanthine oxidase inhibitor]]
[[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · Fc-fusion biologic
[[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · First-in-class incretin mimetic
[[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · [[Anti-obesity medicines|Anti-obesity]] · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] agent
[[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[GIP receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · [[Anti-obesity medicines|Anti-obesity]] · "Twincretin"
_none
atypical)]]
gut-restricted)]]
high-potency)]]
hydroxide)]]
low-affinity)]]
low-trapping)
narrow-spectrum)]]
neuromuscular blocker (presynaptic)
non-selective)]]
non-stimulant ADHD agent
phytocannabinoid
potent non-selective)]]
precursor cannabinoid
preferential COX-2)]]
secondary amine)]]
selective COX-2)]]
super-potent)]]
targets protofibrils
targets pyroglutamated Aβ in plaques
the first approved
torsades)]]
wake-promoting agent
weak μ-agonist with serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibition)]]
weak)]]
with alpha-1 antagonism)]]
with mineralocorticoid activity)]]
Search
mechanism:
(There are no values for this filter)
uses:
(There are no values for this filter)
starting dose:
(There are no values for this filter)
preparations:
(There are no values for this filter)
fda max:
(There are no values for this filter)
routes:
(There are no values for this filter)
onset:
(There are no values for this filter)
duration:
(There are no values for this filter)
halflife:
(There are no values for this filter)
bioavailability:
(Click arrow to add another value)
None
·
100% (IV)
·
~100% from subcutaneous depot
·
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
·
70–90% (oral)
·
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
·
~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
·
~95%
·
'''Saturable''' via the LAT-1 amino-acid transporter, producing nonlinear pharmacokinetics: ~60% at 300 mg single dose, falling to ~35% at 1200 mg single dose'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"'
·
10-20% (oral; reduced by food, calcium, antacids, PPIs, tea/coffee; enhanced by ascorbate)
·
100% (IV); essentially complete (oral)
·
100% (IV); rapidly neutralized by gastric acid (oral)
·
16-21% capsule, 25% suspension (oral; iron and antacids reduce absorption substantially)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009E5-QINU`"'
·
25 mg: ~29%; 50 mg: ~35%; food reduces absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C4F-QINU`"'
·
30-40% (oral; increases with repeated dosing as gastric pH rises)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000DF-QINU`"'
·
40-45% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000025C-QINU`"'
·
40-80% (oral); reduced by food, calcium, iron, PPIs, fiber; take fasting with water'"`UNIQ--ref-00000037-QINU`"'
·
42-58% (oral; dose-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AEF-QINU`"'
·
50-60% (oral; decreased with food, but food given anyway for GI tolerance)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"'
·
60-70% PO at low doses; saturable at high doses (parenteral routes preferred above 15-25 mg/week)'"`UNIQ--ref-000007C9-QINU`"'
Other values:
60-80% (oral)
60-80% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000843-QINU`"'
64-90% (oral; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000079-QINU`"'
65-75% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013F-QINU`"'
70-75% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000007ED-QINU`"'
70-80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002A4-QINU`"'
75-90% (oral; minimally affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001A2-QINU`"'
80-90% oral
90% (oral; food delays but does not reduce absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004F3-QINU`"'
<0.1% systemic absorption (PEG 3350 is too large to absorb intact)
<1% (oral; further reduced by food, calcium, iron, antacids; hence the strict fasting/upright dosing rules)'"`UNIQ--ref-000006C4-QINU`"'
<1% oral (extensive first-pass via CYP3A4); ~30% inhaled lung deposition'"`UNIQ--ref-000001DE-QINU`"'
<3% systemic absorption (the basis of the safety and mechanism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F5E-QINU`"'
<5% (extensive hepatic first-pass; food enhances absorption of IR, hence the evening-meal dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000808-QINU`"'
<5% (extensive hepatic first-pass; statin pharmacology is hepatocellular, not systemic)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000017B-QINU`"'
<5% systemic absorption (this is the safety basis)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DC3-QINU`"'
>90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
>90% (oral; food slows absorption and reduces peaks, hence the post-meal dosing rule)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001BD-QINU`"'
>90% (oral; not affected by food or gastric pH — a major practical advantage over itraconazole)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A48-QINU`"'
>90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001120-QINU`"'
Absolute bioavailability not precisely characterized; food modestly increases exposure
Acid-labile; not effective orally (oral form available outside US as penicillin G salts but penicillin V is preferred for oral use)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000141A-QINU`"'
Adequate (food-dependent, must take with fatty meal)
Adequate oral bioavailability
Adequate oral bioavailability with extended-release formulation
Buprenorphine ~30% SL; naloxone <10% SL (intentional, inactive sublingually, matters only if injected)
Butalbital well-absorbed; aspirin 50-75%; caffeine ~100%'"`UNIQ--ref-000015B8-QINU`"'
Butalbital well-absorbed; caffeine ~100%; acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-000015A0-QINU`"'
Carbonate ~30-40% (best with food and acid); citrate ~24% (absorbable without acid; preferred in achlorhydria, PPI use, post-bariatric)
Codeine ~60% (oral); acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001518-QINU`"'
Essentially zero systemic absorption from oral or topical routes — the topical-action-only profile is the basis of its safety'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D18-QINU`"'
High (oral)
High (oral); not significantly affected by food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000397-QINU`"'
High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FB5-QINU`"'
High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001051-QINU`"'
High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001165-QINU`"'
High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000012A0-QINU`"'
High (oral; absorption not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000825-QINU`"'
High (oral; food enhances)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001039-QINU`"'
High (oral; food prolongs absorption modestly)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000622-QINU`"'
High (oral; not affected by food, but typically given with the morning meal)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000027D-QINU`"'
High (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B65-QINU`"'
High with fat-containing meal; reduced in malabsorption
Highly formulation-dependent; the goal is colonic delivery with minimal systemic exposure'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BBF-QINU`"'
Highly route-dependent: SL bypasses first-pass; oral has extensive first-pass (used only for chronic ER preparations); transdermal predictable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C10-QINU`"'
Highly salt-dependent: citrate ~25-30%; oxide ~4% (limited and causes osmotic diarrhea); chloride ~12%
Highly variable due to saturable first-pass metabolism'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002C-QINU`"'
IM/SC ~100%; oral negligible (extensive first-pass and gut metabolism — hence the no-oral route)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E53-QINU`"'
IV/IM ~100%; inhaled: minimal systemic; oral: negligible (not used orally for systemic infection)'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B4-QINU`"'
Improved with food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"'
Increased substantially via CYP2D6 inhibition'"`UNIQ--ref-00001584-QINU`"'
Increased with food (varies by formulation; the micronized and nanocrystal forms are less food-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004AE-QINU`"'
Inhaled lung deposition with minimal systemic absorption (the basis of the favorable safety profile vs systemic antimuscarinics)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F7C-QINU`"'
Inhaled lung deposition ~20%; systemic absorption from lung ~33%; oral component negligible'"`UNIQ--ref-000009C1-QINU`"'
Intranasal ~40% systemic; ophthalmic minimal'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B7-QINU`"'
Intranasal: <1% systemic; inhaled lung deposition with extensive first-pass clearance'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F9D-QINU`"'
Limited but adequate; take with food
Local (intramuscular)
Local action; minimal systemic effect
Low systemic absorption (enteric coating delivers drug to colon)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106C-QINU`"'
Mononitrate ~100% (no first-pass; the principal advantage over dinitrate); dinitrate ~20%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001462-QINU`"'
Naltrexone ~5% (oral, extensive first-pass to 6β-naltrexol); bupropion ER ~87%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001569-QINU`"'
Negligible (not absorbed)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000058-QINU`"'
Negligible systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-0000119D-QINU`"'
Not characterized; oral dosing once daily
Not formally characterized for the combination
Not formally characterized in humans.
Not formally established
Not formally established (high SC)
Not formally established; oral once-daily adequate
Not well characterized
Not well characterized'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"'
Olanzapine 60% (oral); fluoxetine high (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000154E-QINU`"'
Oral bioavailability of psilocin from administered psilocybin approximately 50%
Oral bioavailability suitable for daily dosing
Oral non-undecanoate has essentially zero bioavailability (hepatic first-pass)
Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100%
Oral ~5% (extensive first-pass to estrone and conjugates); transdermal bypasses first-pass, giving more physiologic estradiol:estrone ratio'"`UNIQ--ref-000003BB-QINU`"'
Oral ~70%; depot IM provides sustained release over weeks'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101B-QINU`"'
Oral ~90%; depot IM essentially 100% over the dosing interval'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F21-QINU`"'
Oral: very low (extensive first-pass); micronization improves uptake somewhat. Vaginal: high local effect with lower systemic levels (first-uterine-pass concentration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000727-QINU`"'
Oxycodone 60-87%; aspirin 50-75%'"`UNIQ--ref-000014FB-QINU`"'
Rapid absorption; absolute bioavailability not formally established
Reasonable (not formally established as a percentage)
SC ~47%–65%'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005A-QINU`"'
SC ~55%'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018B-QINU`"'
SC ~65%–75%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
SC ~80%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup>
SC ~89%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> · Oral ~0.4–1% (SNAC-enhanced)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000254-QINU`"'
Sandimmune: highly variable (~30%); Neoral microemulsion: ~50%, less variable; '''Sandimmune and Neoral are NOT bioequivalent and not interchangeable''''"`UNIQ--ref-00000A92-QINU`"'
Substantially improved with high-fat meal; take with food'"`UNIQ--ref-000013D2-QINU`"'
Sumatriptan ~15% (oral; substantial first-pass); naproxen ~95%'"`UNIQ--ref-000015D2-QINU`"'
Tablet ~100% relative to oral solution; extensive first-pass metabolism
Topical with limited but measurable systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001219-QINU`"'
Topical with measurable systemic absorption (small CA inhibition observed clinically with chronic use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0B-QINU`"'
Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-000011DA-QINU`"'
Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-0000123A-QINU`"'
Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"'
Topical with variable systemic absorption depending on body site, occlusion, and skin integrity; HPA-axis suppression is documented even with brief courses to large areas'"`UNIQ--ref-0000079F-QINU`"'
Topical/intranasal: high local, low systemic; intra-articular: local depot then systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000667-QINU`"'
Topical/oral local action with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001399-QINU`"'
Topical: local effect on enamel; systemic supplementation has high oral bioavailability with skeletal accumulation
Topical: minimal systemic absorption (oral systemic 5-FU not used due to poor and variable absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011BF-QINU`"'
Topical: minimal systemic absorption with normal skin; oral: variable, induced metabolism with repeated dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA4-QINU`"'
Topical: minimal systemic; oral: pH-dependent, requires gastric acid'"`UNIQ--ref-00000889-QINU`"'
Topical: minimal systemic; troche: ~3% systemic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F46-QINU`"'
Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"'
Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000418-QINU`"'
Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A03-QINU`"'
Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA2-QINU`"'
Tramadol ~75% (oral); acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001531-QINU`"'
Variable (oral; rapidly conjugated to active glucuronide; food does not affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000451-QINU`"'
Variable; reduced by food, calcium, iron, PPIs'"`UNIQ--ref-00000037-QINU`"'
~0.3% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the intestinal and blood-brain barriers limit systemic and CNS exposure at therapeutic doses)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD3-QINU`"'
~10% inhaled reaches systemic circulation; ~50% PO'"`UNIQ--ref-0000009A-QINU`"'
~100% (oral); highly (~90%) protein-bound, with non-linear binding above therapeutic levels (free fraction matters clinically in hypoalbuminemia)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000097D-QINU`"'
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"'
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"'
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000706-QINU`"'
~100% (oral, but oral use is limited to continuation from parenteral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~100% (oral; absorption complete)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000126F-QINU`"'
~100% (oral; food delays absorption, hence pre-meal dosing for IR)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002DA-QINU`"'
~100% (oral; near-complete absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'
~100% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000493-QINU`"'
~100% both components
~100% from subcutaneous depot (by definition of the route)
~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers)
~14% (extensive hepatic first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
~14% (oral; substantial first-pass); ~97% (subcutaneous); ~17% (nasal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'
~15% (extensive hepatic first-pass)
~15% (oral; highly variable due to extensive and variable first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"'
~17% (oral; food slightly reduces absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000003D6-QINU`"'
~20% (oral; hydrophilic, minimal CYP metabolism, mostly excreted unchanged in bile)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000FD-QINU`"'
~20% (oral; valacyclovir prodrug raises this to ~55%)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000910-QINU`"'
~20-35% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 with R/S enantiomer differences)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A6C-QINU`"'
~22–25%
~25% (extensive hepatic first-pass)
~25% (high first-pass)
~25% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"'
~25% (oral, with extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000023-QINU`"'
~25% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"'
~25% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005A-QINU`"'
~25% (oral; food reduces absorption ~40%)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004CE-QINU`"'
~25-35% (extensive first-pass), increased by food which slows absorption and reduces orthostatic risk'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
~25-40% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~25-50% (oral; substantial first-pass via NAT2 acetylation, phenotype-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000688-QINU`"'
~26% (oral; prodrug hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases to active olmesartan; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056D-QINU`"'
~28% (oral; food slows but does not reduce absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C33-QINU`"'
~30% (high first-pass)
~30% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~30% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000117D-QINU`"'
~30-65% (oral; acid-labile, hence enteric-coated formulations; food affects absorption variably)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3F-QINU`"'
~33%
~33% (extensive first-pass via CYP2C9 and CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BD-QINU`"'
~33% (oral; fruit juices including grapefruit, orange, and apple reduce absorption substantially via OATP1A2 inhibition — distinctive interaction not seen with most other H1s)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCD-QINU`"'
~33-55% (IR); reduced by food'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"'
~35% (oral, extensive first-pass; not used orally for systemic effect); ~100% (IV)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~36% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C93-QINU`"'
~37% (oral, as axetil prodrug; food modestly improves absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FFA-QINU`"'
~37% (oral; food does not affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A23-QINU`"'
~37% (oral; food reduces absorption modestly)'"`UNIQ--ref-000003FD-QINU`"'
~38% (oral; non-acidic prodrug improves GI tolerability over many other NSAIDs)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011FA-QINU`"'
~4% (extensive first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~40%
~40% (oral); food and formulation substantially alter the absorption profile'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~40% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000643-QINU`"'
~40% (oral; food does not significantly affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EB3-QINU`"'
~40-60% (oral, with significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~44%
~45% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C73-QINU`"'
~45% (oral; substantially higher than sumatriptan's ~14%)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000013-QINU`"'
~45%'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~48% intranasal
~5% intranasal
~5-20% (extensive first-pass), highly variable between individuals'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
~50%
~50% (highly variable)
~50% (oral); systemic absorption from ophthalmic application is clinically meaningful via nasolacrimal drainage'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002C5-QINU`"'
~50% (oral; highly variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CB4-QINU`"'
~50% (oral; highly variable, 10-100%, hence the standard 1:2 IV-to-PO conversion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000223-QINU`"'
~50% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FC-QINU`"'
~50% (oral; reduced by buffering and enteric coating but onset clinically similar)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"'
~50% (oral; substantial first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect).
~50% IR (extensive first-pass via CYP3A4); ER products release-rate-limited'"`UNIQ--ref-0000074E-QINU`"'
~50-60% (oral; food enhances)
~50-60% (oral; substantial first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"'
~53% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
~55% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'
~55% bioavailability of acyclovir after valacyclovir oral (vs ~20% from oral acyclovir directly)'"`UNIQ--ref-000005D7-QINU`"'
~58% (extended-release); ~80% (immediate-release)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~6% IR oral (substantial first-pass to active N-desethyl metabolite, which contributes most of the antimuscarinic adverse effects); transdermal bypasses first-pass and is better tolerated'"`UNIQ--ref-000006E2-QINU`"'
~6-13% inhaled lung deposition; ~10% oral (Entocort EC; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 — this is the basis of the favorable hepatic-targeted local-effect profile in IBD)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A6-QINU`"'
~60%
~60% (oral); ~100% (IM)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~60% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000379-QINU`"'
~60% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D5A-QINU`"'
~60% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B85-QINU`"'
~60% (oral; phenoxymethyl modification makes it acid-stable, unlike penicillin G which is destroyed by gastric acid)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E77-QINU`"'
~60% (oral; substantially increased with high-fat meal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001093-QINU`"'
~60% from subcutaneous depot (reduced by reversible albumin binding via the myristic acid side chain that also extends duration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001375-QINU`"'
~60-87% (oral; high and more consistent than codeine or hydrocodone, making efficacy less CYP2D6-genotype-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~60-87% oxycodone (high and predictable, less CYP-genotype-dependent than codeine or hydrocodone); 85-98% acetaminophen'"`UNIQ--ref-000014E3-QINU`"'
~60–70% (oral)
~62%
~63% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000532-QINU`"'
~63% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"'
~64% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'
~64% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000015F-QINU`"'
~64% from SC depot'"`UNIQ--ref-00001104-QINU`"'
~64-90% (oral; increases at higher doses and with multi-day dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008E9-QINU`"'
~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000784-QINU`"'
~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AB1-QINU`"'
~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000013F6-QINU`"'
~67% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B26-QINU`"'
~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"'
~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"'
~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008C5-QINU`"'
~70% (oral; bioavailability and absorption are improved with food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000355-QINU`"'
~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"'
~70-85% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg)
~72% (with food); much lower fasting (~36%)
~72% from SC depot'"`UNIQ--ref-00001480-QINU`"'
~72% oral; ~85% smoked'"`UNIQ--ref-00000066-QINU`"'
~75%
~75% (IR, rises with multi-dose administration due to saturable first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~75% (oral, as the active carboxylate after hepatic esterase activation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E95-QINU`"'
~75% (oral; absorption improved with fat-containing meal)
~75% (oral; fat-soluble, absorption requires intact biliary/lipid digestion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000331-QINU`"'
~75-85% (oral); ~60% (transdermal at steady state)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~75–90% (oral)
~77% (oral; not affected by food or antacids)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000011E-QINU`"'
~78% (oral; high-fat meal modestly reduces but is not clinically significant)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000553-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000029-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000310-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEC-QINU`"'
~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E2C-QINU`"'
~80% (oral; predictable absorption — a substantive practical advantage over furosemide whose oral absorption is 10-100% variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B47-QINU`"'
~80% (oral; reduced by significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EFA-QINU`"'
~80-100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~80-100% with food at 15-20 mg doses (10 mg dose: ~80% without food); '''must be taken with food''' at therapeutic doses'"`UNIQ--ref-00000514-QINU`"'
~80-95% (oral; more reliable than furosemide, comparable to torsemide)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DE4-QINU`"'
~80-99% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000868-QINU`"'
~82%
~82% SC
~85-90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000955-QINU`"'
~85-98% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000006A6-QINU`"'
~87% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
~87% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000766-QINU`"'
~89% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"'
~90% (low first-pass)
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000024-QINU`"'
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DFF-QINU`"'
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001140-QINU`"'
~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001443-QINU`"'
~90% (oral, low first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"'
~90% (oral; food increases absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008A4-QINU`"'
~90% (oral; not affected by food but reduced by divalent cations)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D83-QINU`"'
~93% (oral); ~90% (rectal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
~93% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ED4-QINU`"'
~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"'
~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"'
~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000149E-QINU`"'
~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000014C4-QINU`"'
~95% (oral; reduced by dairy, antacids, iron via divalent-cation chelation, though less than for tetracycline itself)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047E-QINU`"'
~96% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AD2-QINU`"'
~96% after red blood cell hydrolytic cleavage releases dextroamphetamine'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'
~98% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"'
~99% (caffeine)
~99% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"'
~99% (oral; matched 1:1 IV-to-PO conversion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF6-QINU`"'
≥90% (linear pharmacokinetics, distinguishing it favorably from gabapentin's saturable LAT-1 absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
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