Drilldown: Medicines

Methylphenidate (1)

Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Metadate CD, Daytrana, Quillivant XR (1)

NDRI (1) · Psychostimulant (1)

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET) (1)

None · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"' · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"' · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"' · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000027-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000028-QINU`"' · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000014-QINU`"' · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' · Preventive treatment of migraine in adults (episodic and chronic) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"' · (investigational) '"`UNIQ--vote-000000EF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000F0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000F1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000F2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000F3-QINU`"' · Acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults · ADHD in children (6+), adolescents, and adults (FDA-approved 2021 for pediatric, 2022 for adult) · ADHD, narcolepsy · Alzheimer disease (FDA accelerated approval June 2021; '''withdrawn from market January 2024''' by manufacturer Biogen). At time of approval indicated for MCI or mild dementia stage of AD. · Alzheimer disease (MCI or mild dementia stage), FDA-approved July 2024

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None (1)

None (1)

None (1)

Oral (1) · transdermal (1)

20–60 min (oral) (1)

IR 3–5 h; LA/SR 6–8 h; Concerta 10–12 h; Daytrana ~9 h wear time (1)

2–3 h (parent compound) (1)

None · 100% (IV) · ~100% from subcutaneous depot · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' · 70–90% (oral) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' · ~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' · ~95% · '''Saturable''' via the LAT-1 amino-acid transporter, producing nonlinear pharmacokinetics: ~60% at 300 mg single dose, falling to ~35% at 1200 mg single dose'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"' · 10-20% (oral; reduced by food, calcium, antacids, PPIs, tea/coffee; enhanced by ascorbate) · 100% (IV); essentially complete (oral) · 100% (IV); rapidly neutralized by gastric acid (oral) · 16-21% capsule, 25% suspension (oral; iron and antacids reduce absorption substantially)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009E5-QINU`"' · 25 mg: ~29%; 50 mg: ~35%; food reduces absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C4F-QINU`"' · 30-40% (oral; increases with repeated dosing as gastric pH rises)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000DF-QINU`"' · 40-45% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000025C-QINU`"' · 40-80% (oral); reduced by food, calcium, iron, PPIs, fiber; take fasting with water'"`UNIQ--ref-00000037-QINU`"' · 42-58% (oral; dose-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AEF-QINU`"' · 50-60% (oral; decreased with food, but food given anyway for GI tolerance)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"' · 60-70% PO at low doses; saturable at high doses (parenteral routes preferred above 15-25 mg/week)'"`UNIQ--ref-000007C9-QINU`"'

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Pregnancy categories were retired by FDA in 2015. Limited reproductive data with small observational signal for cardiac malformations; risk-benefit decision, with many patients deferring ADHD treatment during pregnancy. See pregnancy_details for the full discussion. (1)

None · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US · OTC in US · Rx · Rx-only in US · Rx, Schedule IV (US) · Schedule II · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' · Rx-only · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000025-QINU`"' · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' · '''[[USLegal:Behind-the-counter|Behind-the-counter]] in US''' under the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act 2005: purchase restricted to ≤3.6 g/day and ≤9 g/30 days, with photo ID, logbook signature, and quantity logging required. Several states schedule higher than federal · '''[[USLegal:Schedule V|Schedule V controlled substance]] in US (federally)''', distinct from gabapentin which remains federally unscheduled'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' · 5-MeO-DMT is Schedule I in US (since 2011); the toad itself is protected in several southwestern states · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits · Investigational · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled · Not a controlled substance in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, or Australia. Prescription-only in all of these jurisdictions due to the narrow therapeutic index and the need for serum monitoring. No abuse potential has been identified.

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