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Medicines (732)

Medicines > classes

: [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]]

or [[:Category:Electrolyte_replacements|Electrolyte replacement]]

& routes: IV

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Diltiazem (1) · Enalapril (and enalaprilat IV) (1) · Hydralazine (1) · Lactated Ringer's solution (1) · Magnesium (oxide, citrate, sulfate, hydroxide, gluconate, chloride salts) (1) · Potassium chloride (1) · Sodium bicarbonate (1) · Sodium chloride (1) · Verapamil (1)

Apresoline (historical); mostly generic; combination with isosorbide dinitrate marketed as BiDil for self-identified Black patients with HFrEF (1) · Calan, Calan SR, Verelan, Verelan PM, Isoptin SR (1) · Cardizem, Tiazac, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Taztia XT, Matzim LA (1) · K-Dur, Klor-Con, Slow-K, Micro-K, K-Lyte/Cl (1) · Lactated Ringer's Injection (Baxter, B. Braun, ICU Medical); Hartmann's solution (intl.) (1) · Mag-Ox, Slow-Mag, MagCitrate, Milk of Magnesia (hydroxide); IV sulfate generic (1) · Neut, many generic; OTC oral: Alka-Seltzer (with aspirin/citric acid), baking soda (1) · Normal saline, NaCl injection, many; nebulized: HyperSal, PulmoSal (1) · Vasotec, Vasotec IV, Epaned (1)

None (4) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' Bicarbonate is not benign: high-volume use produces hypernatremia, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and (in arrest) paradoxical intracellular acidosis'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000037-QINU`"' Hypertonic 3% is the standard urgent treatment of severely symptomatic hyponatremia'"`UNIQ--ref-00000038-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000086-QINU`"' Calcium content is a relative contraindication for co-administration with citrated blood products through the same line'"`UNIQ--ref-00000087-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000063C-QINU`"' Avoid in HFrEF (negative inotropy). CYP3A4 substrate AND moderate inhibitor — interacts substantially with statins (especially simvastatin), tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and many other CYP3A4 substrates'"`UNIQ--ref-0000063D-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001302-QINU`"' Renally cleared; accumulation in advanced CKD can produce neuromuscular and cardiac depression. Hypomagnesemia frequently co-exists with hypokalemia and is often the reason refractory potassium loss does not correct until magnesium is repleted. (1)

10-20 mEq PO daily for prevention; treat established hypokalemia per measured deficit, typically 40-100 mEq/d in divided doses; IV 10 mEq/h peripheral, 20 mEq/h central with telemetry (1) · 5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg if on diuretic or in heart failure); titrate to 10-20 mg BID for HFrEF (1) · ER 180-240 mg PO once daily; IR 30 mg PO QID; IV 0.25 mg/kg over 2 min for acute rate control, then 5-15 mg/h infusion (1) · IR 80-120 mg PO TID; ER 180-240 mg PO daily; IV 2.5-5 mg over 2 min for SVT termination (under monitoring); cluster prophylaxis up to 480-960 mg/d in divided doses (1) · IV: 1 mEq/kg bolus in arrest indication, then titrated to ABG and clinical status; PO: 325-2000 mg up to QID as antacid (1) · PO 10 mg QID; IV 5-10 mg every 20-30 minutes for hypertensive emergency (1) · Replacement oxide 400-800 mg/d in divided doses (high diarrhea rate); citrate 200-400 mg/d (better tolerated, better absorbed); IV sulfate 1-2 g over 5-60 minutes for hypomagnesemia or torsades; eclampsia 4-6 g IV loading then 1-2 g/h (1) · Volume and concentration titrated to clinical status; symptomatic hyponatremia: 3% NaCl 100-150 mL bolus, reassess (1) · Volume titrated to clinical status; typical adult bolus 500-1000 mL, then reassess (1)

0.225%, 0.45%, 0.9%, 3%, 5% IV solutions; 0.9% nasal spray; 3% and 7% nebulizer solutions; oral tablets (1 g) (1) · 10, 25, 50, 100 mg tablets; 20 mg/mL IV (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (Epaned); 1.25 mg/mL IV (enalaprilat) (1) · 250, 500, 1000 mL IV bags. Composition per liter: Na+ 130 mEq, K+ 4 mEq, Ca2+ 3 mEq, Cl- 109 mEq, lactate 28 mEq (1) · 4.2%, 7.5%, 8.4% IV (1 mEq/mL at 8.4%); 325, 650 mg oral tablets; bulk powder (1) · 8, 10, 20, 25 mEq tablets/capsules (most ER); effervescent and oral solution; IV concentrate (must be diluted) (1) · IR 30, 60, 90, 120 mg tablets; multiple ER capsules and tablets 60-420 mg; IV 5 mg/mL (1) · IR 40, 80, 120 mg tablets; SR/ER 100-360 mg; IV 2.5 mg/mL (1) · Oxide 400, 500 mg tablets (240, 300 mg elemental); citrate 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; hydroxide oral suspension 400 mg/5 mL; sulfate IV 500 mg/mL ampules (1)

300 mg/d typical practical limit (toxicity rises sharply above) (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · Indication-specific; renal clearance limits tolerable cumulative dosing (1) · IV peripheral 10 mEq/h (40 mEq/L); IV central 20 mEq/h with cardiac monitoring; PO single doses generally ≤40 mEq (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated to clinical endpoints (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated to pH and bicarbonate level; chronic high oral doses cause metabolic alkalosis and volume overload (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated; sodium correction rate in chronic hyponatremia must not exceed 8-10 mEq/L per 24 hours to avoid osmotic demyelination (1) · ~480 mg/d (oral) for cardiovascular indications; higher off-label for cluster (1) · ~480 mg/d (oral); IV per protocol (1)

BP effect 1 hour; max at 4-6 hours (1) · Hours (PO); IV faster but rate-limited (1) · Immediate (IV) (1) · Immediate (IV); within minutes (oral antacid) (1) · Immediate intravascular expansion (1) · IV: 1-3 minutes (SVT termination); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours (1) · IV: 3-7 minutes (rate control); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours (1) · IV: 5-20 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes (1) · Oral: hours; IV: minutes (1)

12-24 hours (1) · IR: 4-8 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) · IR: 6-8 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) · IV: 1-4 hours; PO: 3-8 hours (1) · IV: hours, dependent on ongoing acid load; oral antacid: ~30 minutes (1) · Roughly 20-25% of an IV bolus remains intravascular at 1 hour (1) · Roughly 20-30% remains intravascular at 1 hour (1) · Variable (1) · Variable; depends on ongoing losses (1)

3-4.5 hours (IR); 5-7 hours (ER; effective duration 24 hours via formulation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000642-QINU`"' (1) · 3-7 hours (IR); functional 24 hours (ER)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A6B-QINU`"' (1) · 3-7 hours (slow acetylators) vs 1-3 hours (rapid acetylators) via NAT2 polymorphism'"`UNIQ--ref-00000687-QINU`"' (1) · Not applicable (electrolyte and buffer) (1) · Not applicable (electrolyte solution) (1) · Not applicable (electrolyte) (1) · Not meaningfully described (electrolyte; renally cleared) (1) · Not meaningfully described for an electrolyte; distribution between intra- and extracellular compartments is the relevant kinetic (1) · ~11 hours (enalaprilat, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B84-QINU`"' (1)

100% (IV) (1) · 100% (IV); essentially complete (oral) (1) · 100% (IV); rapidly neutralized by gastric acid (oral) (1) · 60-80% (oral) (1) · Highly salt-dependent: citrate ~25-30%; oxide ~4% (limited and causes osmotic diarrhea); chloride ~12% (1) · ~20-35% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 with R/S enantiomer differences)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A6C-QINU`"' (1) · ~25-50% (oral; substantial first-pass via NAT2 acetylation, phenotype-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000688-QINU`"' (1) · ~40% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000643-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B85-QINU`"' (1)

'''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B86-QINU`"' (1) · Generally safe at replacement doses; treat the underlying cause of hypokalemia.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · IV sulfate is the cornerstone of eclampsia/preeclampsia management; oral replacement also safe.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited data; alternative antihypertensives generally preferred. Crosses placenta.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited data; labetalol/nifedipine generally preferred. Crosses placenta.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · One of the historically preferred IV agents for severe hypertension in pregnancy alongside labetalol and nifedipine.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Routine antacid and acidosis correction acceptable (1) · Standard fluid and electrolyte management (1) · Standard resuscitation fluid in pregnancy (1)

OTC (oral salts) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (IV) in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher concentrations and IV) and OTC (low-dose supplements) in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for IV formulations; OTC for oral (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for parenteral formulations; OTC for oral, nasal, and many nebulizer products (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (5)

Showing below up to 9 results in range #1 to #9.

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V

Verapamil