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: [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]]

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Amlodipine (1) · Atenolol (1) · Atorvastatin (1) · Benazepril (1) · Carvedilol (1) · Chlorthalidone (1) · Clonidine (1) · Diltiazem (1) · Doxazosin (1) · Enalapril (and enalaprilat IV) (1) · Evolocumab (1) · Ezetimibe (1) · Fenofibrate (1) · Hydralazine (1) · Hydrochlorothiazide (1) · Icosapent ethyl (eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, EPA-EE) (1) · Irbesartan (1) · Labetalol (1) · Lisinopril (1) · Losartan (1) · Lovastatin (1) · Niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin B3) (1) · Nifedipine (1) · Olmesartan (medoxomil) (1) · Omega-3-acid ethyl esters (1) · Pravastatin (1) · Ramipril (1) · Rosuvastatin (1) · Simvastatin (1) · Telmisartan (1) · Terazosin (1) · Timolol (maleate) (1) · Valsartan (1) · Verapamil (1)

Altace (1) · Altoprev (ER), Mevacor (discontinued US); mostly generic (1) · Apresoline (historical); mostly generic; combination with isosorbide dinitrate marketed as BiDil for self-identified Black patients with HFrEF (1) · Avapro (1) · Benicar (1) · Calan, Calan SR, Verelan, Verelan PM, Isoptin SR (1) · Cardizem, Tiazac, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Taztia XT, Matzim LA (1) · Cardura, Cardura XL (1) · Coreg, Coreg CR (1) · Cozaar (1) · Crestor, Ezallor (1) · Diovan; Entresto (in fixed-dose combination with sacubitril) (1) · Hytrin (US brand discontinued); mostly generic (1) · Kapvay (ER, ADHD), Catapres (IR, antihypertensive), Catapres-TTS (transdermal patch), Duraclon (epidural injection) (1) · Lipitor (1) · Lotensin (1) · Lovaza, Omtryg (1) · Micardis (1) · Microzide; mostly prescribed generically (1) · Niaspan (ER, Rx), Niacor (IR, Rx); huge OTC presence (1) · Norvasc, Katerzia (1) · Pravachol (1) · Procardia, Procardia XL, Adalat CC, Afeditab CR (1) · Repatha (1) · Tenormin (1) · Thalitone; mostly prescribed generically (1) · Timoptic (ophthalmic), Timoptic-XE (gel-forming once-daily), Istalol (once-daily 0.5%), Betimol; Blocadren (oral, discontinued in many markets); combination eye drops Combigan (with brimonidine), Cosopt (with dorzolamide) (1) · Trandate, Normodyne (discontinued in US) (1) · Tricor, Lipofen, Antara, Fenoglide, Lofibra, Triglide, Trilipix (fenofibric acid) (1) · Vascepa (1) · Vasotec, Vasotec IV, Epaned (1) · Zestril, Prinivil, Qbrelis (1) · Zetia (1) · Zocor (1)

1 mg PO at bedtime to limit first-dose syncope; titrate weekly to 5-10 mg (1) · 10 mg PO once daily (5 mg if on a diuretic); titrate to 40 mg (1) · 10 mg PO once daily, with or without food (1) · 10-20 mg PO once daily (1) · 10-20 mg PO once daily (5 mg in Asian ancestry, elderly, hypothyroidism, or strong CYP/SLCO1B1 interactions) (1) · 10-20 mg PO once daily in the evening (40 mg starting allowed for high CV risk) (1) · 12.5-25 mg PO once daily (1) · 12.5-25 mg PO once daily; titrate to 50 mg (1) · 140 mg SC every 2 weeks OR 420 mg SC monthly (3 consecutive injections 5 minutes apart due to volume) (1) · 150 mg PO once daily; titrate to 300 mg if needed (1) · 2 g PO BID with meals (4 g/d total) (1) · 2.5 mg PO once daily (1.25 mg in CHF or volume depletion); titrate to 5-10 mg/d (1) · 2.5-5 mg PO once daily; titrate to 10 mg/d (1) · 20 mg PO once daily with the evening meal; titrate to 40-80 mg/d (1) · 20 mg PO once daily; titrate to 40 mg/d after 2 weeks if needed (1) · 25-50 mg PO once daily; titrate to 100 mg/day (1) · 4 g PO daily (as 4 x 1 g capsules once daily, or 2 capsules BID) (1) · 40 mg PO once daily (10-20 mg in elderly, hepatic impairment, or strong drug interactions) (1) · 40 mg PO once daily; titrate to 80 mg (1) · 5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg if on diuretic or in heart failure); titrate to 10-20 mg BID for HFrEF (1) · 5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg in heart failure, hyponatremia, or volume depletion) (1) · 50 mg PO daily (25 mg in volume depletion or hepatic impairment) (1) · 80-160 mg PO once daily (40 mg BID in HFrEF, titrating up to 160 mg BID) (1) · ADHD (Kapvay ER): 0.1 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 0.4 mg/day divided BID. HTN (IR): 0.1 mg PO BID, titrate by 0.1 mg increments (1) · ER 180-240 mg PO once daily; IR 30 mg PO QID; IV 0.25 mg/kg over 2 min for acute rate control, then 5-15 mg/h infusion (1) · ER 30-60 mg PO once daily; immediate-release 10 mg PO TID (now rarely used for hypertension due to reflex tachycardia) (1) · Heart failure: 3.125 mg PO BID, doubling every 2 weeks as tolerated to target 25 mg BID (50 mg BID if >85 kg). Hypertension: 6.25 mg PO BID, titrate to 25 mg BID (1) · IR 1 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly; XL 4-8 mg PO daily (1) · IR 80-120 mg PO TID; ER 180-240 mg PO daily; IV 2.5-5 mg over 2 min for SVT termination (under monitoring); cluster prophylaxis up to 480-960 mg/d in divided doses (1) · Niaspan ER 500 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 1-2 g/d; flushing-protective aspirin 30-60 minutes before dose; pellagra replacement 100-500 mg/d (1) · Ophthalmic: 1 drop 0.5% in affected eye(s) BID (or once daily for XE / Istalol). Oral hypertension: 10 mg PO BID, titrate to 60 mg/day. Migraine prophylaxis: 10 mg BID, titrate to 30 mg/day (1) · Oral: 100 mg PO BID, titrate to 400 mg BID. IV: 20 mg over 2 minutes, repeat 40-80 mg every 10 minutes as needed (maximum cumulative 300 mg); continuous infusion 2 mg/minute (1) · PO 10 mg QID; IV 5-10 mg every 20-30 minutes for hypertensive emergency (1) · Varies by salt form and brand; e.g., Tricor 145 mg PO daily; reduce to 48 mg in renal impairment (1)

0.5 g, 1 g capsules (1) · 1 g soft gelatin capsules containing ~465 mg EPA + ~375 mg DHA as ethyl esters (1) · 1, 2, 4, 8 mg IR tablets; 4, 8 mg XL tablets (1) · 1, 2, 5, 10 mg capsules and tablets (1) · 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mg capsules (1) · 10 mg tablet; also as fixed-dose combinations with simvastatin (Vytorin) and atorvastatin (Liptruzet, withdrawn US 2015 but generics exist) (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg tablets (2) · 10, 20 mg IR capsules; 30, 60, 90 mg ER tablets (1) · 10, 20, 40 mg tablets; 20, 40, 60 mg ER tablets (1) · 10, 25, 50, 100 mg tablets; 20 mg/mL IV (1) · 12.5 mg capsules; 12.5, 25, 50 mg tablets (1) · 140 mg/mL single-use prefilled syringe and SureClick autoinjector; Pushtronex 420 mg/3.5 mL on-body infusor (1) · 15 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg tablets (1) · 2.5, 5, 10 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral suspension (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (Epaned); 1.25 mg/mL IV (enalaprilat) (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (1) · 20, 40, 80 mg tablets (1) · 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets (1) · 40, 80, 160, 320 mg tablets; oral suspension (1) · 5, 10, 20, 40 mg tablets (2) · 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg tablets; 4 mg/mL oral suspension (1) · 5, 20, 40 mg tablets (1) · 75, 150, 300 mg tablets (1) · IR 30, 60, 90, 120 mg tablets; multiple ER capsules and tablets 60-420 mg; IV 5 mg/mL (1) · IR 40, 80, 120 mg tablets; SR/ER 100-360 mg; IV 2.5 mg/mL (1) · IR tablets 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg; ER tablets 0.1, 0.2 mg (Kapvay); transdermal patches 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/24h (TTS-1/2/3, weekly); epidural injection (Duraclon) (1) · IR tablets 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 mg; Coreg CR capsules 10, 20, 40, 80 mg (once-daily) (1) · Multiple non-bioequivalent fenofibrate and fenofibric acid formulations: 48-200 mg (1) · OTC IR niacin 50-500 mg tablets; Niaspan ER 500, 750, 1000 mg tablets; "no-flush" niacin (inositol hexaniacinate, lacks evidence) (1) · Tablets 100, 200, 300 mg; injection 5 mg/mL (1) · Tablets 25, 50, 100 mg (1) · Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; ophthalmic solution 0.25%, 0.5%; ophthalmic gel-forming solution 0.25%, 0.5% (Timoptic-XE) (1)

10 mg/d (2) · 100 mg/d (1) · 100 mg/d (rarely used) (1) · 100-200 mg/day depending on indication (1) · 120 mg/d (ER); IR not for chronic hypertension (1) · 16 mg/d (IR); 8 mg/d (XL) (1) · 2 g/d (Niaspan); higher off-label use historical (1) · 2.4 mg/day (HTN, IR); 0.4 mg/day (ADHD, Kapvay) (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 20 mg/d (hypertension); 10 mg/d (other indications typical) (1) · 2400 mg/day (oral); 300 mg total per IV bolus dosing series (1) · 300 mg/d (1) · 300 mg/d typical practical limit (toxicity rises sharply above) (1) · 320 mg/d (hypertension); 320 mg/d (HF) (1) · 4 g/d (2) · 40 mg/d (2) · 40 mg/d (rarely needed; 40 mg restricted to patients not at goal on 20 mg) (1) · 40 mg/d standard; 80 mg/d restricted to patients tolerating 80 mg for ≥12 months without myopathy (post-SEARCH 2011 FDA restriction) (1) · 420 mg/month (1) · 50 mg BID in heart failure (or once-daily equivalent CR); 25 mg BID in hypertension (1) · 50 mg/d (hypertension); up to 200 mg/d (edema) (1) · 60 mg/day (oral, hypertension); 0.5% BID (ophthalmic) (1) · 80 mg/d (5) · 80 mg/d (40 mg/d if combined with diltiazem, verapamil, danazol; lower limits with various interactions) (1) · Formulation-specific (e.g., 145 mg/d Tricor, 200 mg/d Lipofen) (1) · ~480 mg/d (oral) for cardiovascular indications; higher off-label for cluster (1) · ~480 mg/d (oral); IV per protocol (1)

epidural injection (1) · IM (1) · intravenous (1) · IV (4) · MI reports) (1) · multiple ER formulations) (1) · ophthalmic (1) · Oral (30) · Oral (IR (1) · Oral (IR and multiple ER) (1) · Oral; sublingual IR is discouraged (uncontrolled BP drops (1) · Subcutaneous (1) · transdermal (1)

30-60 min (IR oral); 2-3 days to steady state (transdermal patch) (1) · Antihypertensive effect within 1 week; heart-failure mortality benefit accrues over months of titration (1) · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks (2) · BP effect 1 hour; max at 4-6 hours (1) · BP effect 1-2 hours; max at 6 hours (1) · BP effect 1-2 weeks; antihypertensive peak 3-6 weeks (1) · BP effect 1-2 weeks; max at 2-3 weeks (1) · BP effect 2 hours; max at 4-6 weeks (1) · BP effect within 1-2 weeks (2) · BP effect within 24 hours; full effect at 1-2 weeks (long half-life) (1) · BP effect within hours (oral); 5-10 minutes (IV) (1) · BP effect within hours (oral); IOP reduction within 30 minutes, full effect 1-2 weeks (ophthalmic) (1) · BP effect within hours; full effect over 1-2 weeks (1) · BP lowering within 1 hour; max at 6 hours (1) · BP lowering within 1 hour; max effect at 6 hours (1) · Diuresis at 2 hours; antihypertensive effect within days, max at 3-4 weeks (1) · Diuresis at 2-3 hours; BP effect over weeks (1) · IR 20 minutes; ER ~6 hours (1) · IV: 1-3 minutes (SVT termination); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours (1) · IV: 3-7 minutes (rate control); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours (1) · IV: 5-20 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes (1) · LDL lowering at 1 week, max by 4 weeks (1) · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks (3) · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks; cardiovascular benefit months to years (1) · LDL lowering within 2 weeks (1) · LDL reduction ~50-60% from baseline at 1-2 weeks (1) · Lipid changes 4-8 weeks (1) · Triglyceride lowering at 2-4 weeks; max at 8 weeks (1) · Triglyceride lowering at 4-8 weeks (1) · Triglyceride lowering at 4-8 weeks; CV benefit emerges over months (1)

12 hours (1) · 12 hours (oral BID); 24 hours (Timoptic-XE) (1) · 12-24 hours (1) · 2-4 weeks per dose (1) · 24 hours (17) · 24 hours (evening dosing aligns with overnight HMG-CoA reductase peak) (1) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing supported by long elimination) (1) · 24-48 hours per dose (1) · 48-72 hours per dose (much longer than hydrochlorothiazide) (1) · 6-12 hours (1) · 8-12 hours (IR); ~7 days (transdermal patch) (1) · 8-12 hours (oral); 4-6 hours (IV) (1) · Daily dosing (1) · IR 4-8 hours; ER 24 hours (1) · IR: 4-8 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) · IR: 6-8 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) · IV: 1-4 hours; PO: 3-8 hours (1) · ~12 hours (IR); 24 hours (CR) (1)

42-58% (oral; dose-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AEF-QINU`"' (1) · 60-80% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000843-QINU`"' (1) · 64-90% (oral; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000079-QINU`"' (1) · 65-75% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013F-QINU`"' (1) · <5% (extensive hepatic first-pass; food enhances absorption of IR, hence the evening-meal dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000808-QINU`"' (1) · <5% (extensive hepatic first-pass; statin pharmacology is hepatocellular, not systemic)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000017B-QINU`"' (1) · >90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001120-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral; food enhances)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001039-QINU`"' (1) · Improved with food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"' (1) · Increased with food (varies by formulation; the micronized and nanocrystal forms are less food-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004AE-QINU`"' (1) · Substantially improved with high-fat meal; take with food'"`UNIQ--ref-000013D2-QINU`"' (1) · Variable (oral; rapidly conjugated to active glucuronide; food does not affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000451-QINU`"' (1) · ~14% (extensive hepatic first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · ~17% (oral; food slightly reduces absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000003D6-QINU`"' (1) · ~20% (oral; hydrophilic, minimal CYP metabolism, mostly excreted unchanged in bile)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000FD-QINU`"' (1) · ~20-35% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 with R/S enantiomer differences)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A6C-QINU`"' (1) · ~25% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~25% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005A-QINU`"' (1) · ~25% (oral; food reduces absorption ~40%)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004CE-QINU`"' (1) · ~25-35% (extensive first-pass), increased by food which slows absorption and reduces orthostatic risk'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · ~25-50% (oral; substantial first-pass via NAT2 acetylation, phenotype-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000688-QINU`"' (1) · ~26% (oral; prodrug hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases to active olmesartan; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056D-QINU`"' (1) · ~28% (oral; food slows but does not reduce absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C33-QINU`"' (1) · ~33% (extensive first-pass via CYP2C9 and CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BD-QINU`"' (1) · ~37% (oral; food does not affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A23-QINU`"' (1) · ~40% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000643-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral); systemic absorption from ophthalmic application is clinically meaningful via nasolacrimal drainage'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% IR (extensive first-pass via CYP3A4); ER products release-rate-limited'"`UNIQ--ref-0000074E-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B85-QINU`"' (1) · ~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000784-QINU`"' (1) · ~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AB1-QINU`"' (1) · ~72% from SC depot'"`UNIQ--ref-00001480-QINU`"' (1) · ~75-85% (oral); ~60% (transdermal at steady state)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1)

OTC (low-dose, dietary supplement) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (Niaspan ER) in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (32) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Not a controlled substance, like guanfacine and unlike the psychostimulant alternatives for ADHD'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1)