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Medicines > classes : [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] or [[:Category:Schedule II controlled substances|Schedule II controlled substance]] & routes: IM

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generic:
Hydralazine (1) · Methadone (1)
brand:
Apresoline (historical); mostly generic; combination with isosorbide dinitrate marketed as BiDil for self-identified Black patients with HFrEF (1) · Dolophine, Methadose, Diskets (oral dispersible tablets for OTPs) (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (2)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000004C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000004D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000004E-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000683-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000684-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000685-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000686-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (1) · PO 10 mg QID; IV 5-10 mg every 20-30 minutes for hypertensive emergency (1)
preparations:
10, 25, 50, 100 mg tablets; 20 mg/mL IV (1) · Tablets 5, 10, 40 mg (40 mg dispersible restricted to OTPs); oral concentrate 10 mg/mL; oral solution 1, 2, 10 mg/mL; injection 10 mg/mL (1)
fda max:
300 mg/d typical practical limit (toxicity rises sharply above) (1) · No formal hard ceiling; in MOUD maintenance, doses typically remain at or below 120 mg/day with higher doses reserved for documented under-treatment after careful clinical assessment (1)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
IV: 5-20 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes (1) · Oral analgesic effect 30-60 minutes; opioid-withdrawal suppression 30 minutes (oral); IV ~10 minutes (1)
duration:
Analgesic effect 4-8 hours (much shorter than half-life would suggest, due to receptor kinetics); MOUD effect (opioid withdrawal suppression) 24-36 hours per single daily dose (1) · IV: 1-4 hours; PO: 3-8 hours (1)
halflife:
None (1) · 3-7 hours (slow acetylators) vs 1-3 hours (rapid acetylators) via NAT2 polymorphism'"`UNIQ--ref-00000687-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
~25-50% (oral; substantial first-pass via NAT2 acetylation, phenotype-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000688-QINU`"' (1) · ~70-85% (oral, high relative to other opioids) (1)
pregnancy:
None (1) · One of the historically preferred IV agents for severe hypertension in pregnancy alongside labetalol and nifedipine.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)

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