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Medicines > classes : Amphetamine or Sedative-Hypnotic & routes: Oral

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generic:
Bromazolam (1) · Mixed amphetamine salts (1)
brand:
(none, never marketed) (1) · Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · TAAR1 agonism, VMAT2 substrate, DAT/NET reverse transport, net release of dopamine and norepinephrine (1)
uses:
No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000562-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000563-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000564-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000565-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000566-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
2.5 mg IR, 5 mg XR, or 12.5mg Mydayis (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · IR tabs 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 30 mg; XR caps 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg; Mydayis caps 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg (1)
fda max:
N/A (never approved) (1) · XR = 40 or 60 mg/d; IR = 40 or 60 mg/d'"`UNIQ--ref-00000567-QINU`"' (1)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
IR: 30–60 min; XR: 1–2 h to peak effect (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · IR 4–6 h; XR 10–12 h; Mydayis 14–16 h (1)
halflife:
D-amphetamine ~10 h; L-amphetamine ~13 h (adults) (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1)
bioavailability:
Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~75–90% (oral) (1)
pregnancy:
Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Category C (1)
legal:
None (1) · Schedule II (1)

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