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Codeine (2)

None (28) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Duragesic (1) · Mirapex (IR), Mirapex ER (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · Opana (1) · Requip (IR), Requip XL (extended-release) (1) · Stadol (1) · Talwin (1) · Vicodin (1)

None (2) · Apomorphine and nuciferine; dopaminergic activity (1) · Contains atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine (1) · Contains bufotenin and DMT (1) · Contains harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine (1) · Contains ibogaine; kappa-opioid agonist (1) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2) · Contains muscimol and ibotenic acid (1) · Contains psilocybin and psilocin (1) · Contains salvinorin A (1) · DMT + MAOI (harmine/harmaline); 5-HT2A agonist (1) · DMT-containing plant used in psychedelic preparations (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Kavalactones; GABAA modulator; sigma receptor activity (1) · Mechanism incompletely understood (1) · Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Partial MAOI; anticholinergic effects (1) · Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; beta-carboline (1) · Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; NMDA antagonist; beta-carboline (1) · Weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor; beta-carboline (1)

None (38) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000014-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"' (1)

None (38) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Parkinson disease: 0.125 mg PO TID, titrate weekly to maintenance ~1.5 mg TID. Restless legs syndrome: 0.125 mg PO 2-3 hours before bedtime, titrate to 0.5 mg/day if needed (1) · Parkinson disease: 0.25 mg PO TID, titrate weekly. Restless legs syndrome: 0.25 mg PO 1-3 hours before bedtime, titrate to 4 mg/day if needed (1)

None (38) · IR tablets 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 mg; ER tablets 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75, 4.5 mg (1) · IR tablets 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg; XL tablets 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 mg (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)

None (38) · 24 mg/day (Parkinson disease); 4 mg/day (restless legs syndrome) (1) · 360 mg/day (1) · 4.5 mg/day (Parkinson disease); 0.5 mg/day (restless legs syndrome) (1)

None (38) · Oral (2) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)

None (38) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose (2)

None (38) · 4–6 hours (1) · TID dosing (IR); once-daily (ER) (1) · TID dosing (IR); once-daily (XL) (1)

None (38) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · 8-12 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"' (1)

None (38) · >90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~55% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"' (1)

None (38) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Limited human data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) · Limited human data; rarely indicated in pregnancy given the typical patient population.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)

None (38) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2)

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