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Medicines > classes : Analgesic or Stimulant or [[:Category:Analgesics|Non-opioid analgesic]]

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generic:
Codeine (2)
brand:
None (47) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Benzedrex (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Duragesic (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · Opana (1) · Stadol (1) · Talwin (1) · Tylenol, Panadol (international), Ofirmev (IV); huge OTC presence (1) · Vicodin (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Monoamine releasing agent (8) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (3) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (2)
uses:
None (58) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000006A2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000006A3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000006A4-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (58) · 325-1000 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed; maximum 4 g/d in healthy adults, 3 g/d in regular users or hepatic risk; pediatric 10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1)
preparations:
None (58) · 325, 500, 650 mg tablets; 80, 160 mg chewables; 160 mg/5 mL pediatric liquid; 325 mg suppository; 1000 mg/100 mL IV (Ofirmev); fixed-dose combinations with opioids, decongestants, antihistamines (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (58) · 360 mg/day (1) · 4 g/d in healthy adults; 3 g/d conservative limit; 2 g/d in cirrhosis or chronic alcohol use (1)
routes:
None (58) · IV (1) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · rectal (1)
onset:
None (58) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · PO: 30-60 minutes; IV: minutes (1)
duration:
None (58) · 4-6 hours (1) · 4–6 hours (1)
halflife:
None (58) · 1-3 hours (normal liver); markedly prolonged in overdose with glutathione depletion'"`UNIQ--ref-000006A5-QINU`"' (1) · 2.5–3 hours (1)
bioavailability:
None (58) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~85-98% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000006A6-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (58) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Long the preferred analgesic-antipyretic in pregnancy; recent observational studies have raised speculative neurodevelopmental signals that remain under investigation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (58) · OTC and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (IV, combination products) in US (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)

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