Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines (732)

Medicines > classes

: Anticonvulsant

or Benzodiazepine

or [[:Category:Sleep aids|Sleep aid]]

Use the filters below to narrow your results.

None (9) · Ambien (IR), Ambien CR (biphasic-release), Edluar (sublingual), Intermezzo (low-dose sublingual for middle-of-night awakening), Zolpimist (oral spray) (1) · Aptiom (1) · Banzel (1) · Benadryl (oral, injectable, topical), Banophen, Sominex (sleep aid), ZzzQuil, Aler-Dryl (1) · Briviact (1) · Cerebyx (1) · Dalmane (1) · Depakote (1) · Desyrel (original IR), Oleptro (ER), Trittico (1) · Diacomit (1) · Dilantin (1) · Doral (1) · Epidiolex (1) · Felbatol (1) · Fintepla (1) · Fycompa (1) · Gabitril (1) · Halcion (1) · Lexotan (1) · Librium (1) · Luminal (1) · Mogadon (1) · Multiple OTC dietary supplement formulations (1) · Onfi (1) · ProSom (1) · Restoril (1) · Rohypnol (1) · Sabril (1) · Serax (1) · Tranxene (1) · Versed (1) · Vimpat (1) · Xanax (1) · Xcopri (1) · Zarontin (1) · Zonegran (1)

None (2) · AMPA receptor antagonist (1) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABA enhancer; sodium channel blocker; histone deacetylase inhibitor (1) · GABA reuptake inhibitor (GAT-1 blocker) (1) · GABA-A positive allosteric modulator'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000068-QINU`"' (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (18) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; low sedation (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; prodrug of desmethyldiazepam (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (1) · Irreversible GABA-T inhibitor (1) · Multiple mechanisms; GPR55 antagonist; TRPV1 agonist (1) · NMDA antagonist; GABAA potentiator (1) · Prodrug of phenytoin; sodium channel blocker (1) · Serotonin releaser; sigma-1 agonist (1) · Slow-inactivation sodium channel enhancer; CRMP-2 ligand (1) · Sodium channel blocker (2) · Sodium channel blocker; GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · Sodium channel modulator (1) · Sodium/T-type calcium channel blocker; carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (1) · SV2A ligand (higher affinity than levetiracetam) (1) · T-type calcium channel blocker (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"' '''Priapism''' is a recognized rare adverse effect via α1 antagonism in penile vasculature and is the marquee counseling point for male patients'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' Major Beers-list concern in elderly patients for cognitive and fall risks. CYP2D6 substrate. At massive overdose, also produces sodium channel blockade with cardiac toxicity'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'. '"`UNIQ--effect-0000001F-QINU`"' (1)

None (40) · '''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men (1) · 0.25 mg (1) · 0.5-3 mg PO 30-60 minutes before bedtime. Some patients respond to micro-doses (0.3 mg) without additional benefit at higher doses. For circadian phase shifting, timing relative to dim-light melatonin onset matters more than absolute dose (1) · Allergy: 25-50 mg PO every 4-6 hours. Insomnia: 25-50 mg PO at bedtime. IV (acute dystonia, severe allergic reaction): 25-50 mg slow IV push (1) · Insomnia (off-label): 25-50 mg PO at bedtime, titrate to effect. Depression: 150 mg/day divided BID-TID; titrate to 400 mg/day outpatient or 600 mg/day inpatient (1)

None (40) · 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets (immediate-release and orally disintegrating); 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg extended-release tablets; 1 mg/mL oral concentrate (1) · IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray (1) · IR tablets 50, 100, 150, 300 mg; Oleptro ER tablets 150, 300 mg (1) · OTC tablets, sublingual tablets, gummies, liquid, extended-release tablets and capsules; common strengths 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10 mg (1) · Tablets 25, 50 mg; capsules; liquid; chewable; topical cream/gel; injection 50 mg/mL (1)

None (40) · 10 mg/d (1) · 10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR) (1) · 300 mg/day (oral) (1) · 400 mg/day outpatient; 600 mg/day inpatient (1) · Not formally established (dietary supplement); doses above ~3-5 mg show no additional efficacy but increase next-day sedation risk (1)

None (40) · IM (1) · IV (1) · Oral (5) · oromucosal spray (1) · sublingual (2) · topical (1)

None (40) · 15-30 minutes (1) · 15-30 minutes (oral); 1-2 minutes (IV) (1) · 30-60 min (immediate-release); 1-2 h (extended-release) (1) · 30-60 minutes (immediate-release oral) (1) · Sleep effect within 30-60 minutes; antidepressant effect over 1-2 weeks (1)

None (40) · 3-4 hours (1) · 4-6 hours (1) · 6 h (immediate-release); ~11 h (extended-release) (1) · 6-8 hours (IR); 8 hours (CR via biphasic release) (1) · ~6-8 hours (IR); 24 hours (Oleptro ER) (1)

None (40) · 11-13 h (immediate-release); 11-16 h (extended-release) (1) · 30-50 minutes (short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · 4-8 hours (longer in elderly, 9-13 hours)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · Biphasic: ~3-6 hours alpha, ~5-9 hours beta'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001D-QINU`"' (1) · ~2.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1)

None (40) · 80-90% oral (1) · ~15% (oral; highly variable due to extensive and variable first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · ~40-60% (oral, with significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1)

None (40) · Category D'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1) · Limited human data; case reports of neonatal sedation with late-pregnancy exposure.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited human data; endogenous hormone, but supplemental pharmacological doses are not well characterized in pregnancy.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited human data; observational signals inconclusive.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Older agent with substantial use experience; broadly considered safe in pregnancy'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1)

None (40) · Schedule IV (US) (1) · [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] dietary supplement in the US ('''not FDA-regulated as a medicine'''; multiple studies show OTC products contain 50-470% of labeled melatonin content); [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in the EU and UK (1) · [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] for most oral and topical formulations; [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for injectable (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the FDA '''Boxed Warning''' for '''complex sleep behaviors''' (sleep-driving, sleep-walking, sleep-eating, other parasomnias) added in 2019'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1)