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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > classes : Anticonvulsant or Botanical or Sedative-Hypnotic

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generic:
brand:
None (32)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (16) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (3) · None (2) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Sodium channel blocker (2)
uses:
None (71) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1)
starting dose:
None (71) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
None (71) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)
fda max:
None (71) · N/A (never approved) (1)
routes:
None (71) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (1) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (71) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
None (71) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1)
halflife:
None (71) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1)
bioavailability:
None (71) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1)
pregnancy:
None (71) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1)
legal:
None (72)

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