Drilldown: Medicines
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mechanism:
AMPA receptor antagonist (1) ·
Butyrophenone D2 antagonist (1) ·
Caffeine (1.5–2%) + theobromine + kolanin (a glycoside). (1) ·
Caffeine (highest of the ''Ilex'' genus) plus saponins that produce ritual vomiting at high doses. (1) ·
Caffeine (sometimes called 'mateine' historically, though chemically identical), theobromine, theophylline, plus polyphenols. (1) ·
Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) ·
Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) ·
D2 receptor antagonist; also H1, alpha-1, muscarinic antagonist (1) ·
D2/5-HT2A antagonist (1) ·
D2/5-HT2A antagonist; 5-HT7 antagonist (1) ·
D2/5-HT2A antagonist; active metabolite of risperidone (1) ·
D2/5-HT2A antagonist; SRI and NRI (1) ·
Dibenzoxazepine D2/5-HT2 antagonist (1) ·
Dihydroindolone D2 antagonist (1) ·
Diphenylbutylpiperidine D2 antagonist (1) ·
GABA enhancer; sodium channel blocker; histone deacetylase inhibitor (1) ·
GABA reuptake inhibitor (GAT-1 blocker) (1) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator; lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (1) ·
GABAA potentiator and direct activator (1) ·
Highest natural caffeine content of any plant (2–7% by dry weight, ~2–4× coffee). Caffeine is bound to tannins, producing a slower release than pure coffee caffeine. (1) ·
Irreversible GABA-T inhibitor (1) ·
Multi-receptor antagonist (D2, 5-HT2A, H1, alpha) (1) ·
Multi-receptor antagonist; low D2 affinity (1) ·
Multiple mechanisms; GPR55 antagonist; TRPV1 agonist (1) ·
NMDA antagonist; GABAA potentiator (1) ·
Phenothiazine D2 antagonist (4) ·
Primary alkaloid is theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), with minor caffeine. Also contains phenethylamine, anandamide (an endogenous cannabinoid), tryptophan (serotonin precursor), and flavanols. The combined effect is mild stimulation + mood elevation. (1) ·
Prodrug of phenytoin; sodium channel blocker (1) ·
Serotonin releaser; sigma-1 agonist (1) ·
Slow-inactivation sodium channel enhancer; CRMP-2 ligand (1) ·
Sodium channel blocker (2) ·
Sodium channel blocker; GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) ·
Sodium channel modulator (1) ·
Sodium/T-type calcium channel blocker; carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (1) ·
SV2A ligand (higher affinity than levetiracetam) (1) ·
T-type calcium channel blocker (1) ·
Thioxanthene D2 antagonist (1)
uses:
None (35) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
preparations:
None (35) ·
Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) ·
Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) ·
Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) ·
Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) ·
Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) ·
Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) ·
Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)
fda max:
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Showing below up to 42 results in range #1 to #42.