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Medicines (732)

Medicines > classes

: Anticonvulsant

or Sedative-Hypnotic

or [[:Category:Antivirals|Antiviral]]

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None (9)

None (4) · AMPA receptor antagonist (1) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABA enhancer; sodium channel blocker; histone deacetylase inhibitor (1) · GABA reuptake inhibitor (GAT-1 blocker) (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (16) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · GABAA potentiator (1) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (3) · GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) · Irreversible GABA-T inhibitor (1) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Multiple mechanisms; GPR55 antagonist; TRPV1 agonist (1) · NMDA antagonist; GABAA potentiator (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl− channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · Prodrug of phenytoin; sodium channel blocker (1) · Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1) · Serotonin releaser; sigma-1 agonist (1) · Slow-inactivation sodium channel enhancer; CRMP-2 ligand (1) · Sodium channel blocker (2) · Sodium channel blocker; GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · Sodium channel modulator (1) · Sodium/T-type calcium channel blocker; carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (1) · SV2A ligand (higher affinity than levetiracetam) (1) · T-type calcium channel blocker (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D0-QINU`"' Selectivity comes from the viral-kinase-only initial phosphorylation step, which is why uninfected cells generate minimal active drug'"`UNIQ--ref-000005D1-QINU`"'. Dose-adjust by renal function; rare crystalline nephropathy with rapid IV acyclovir. (1)

None (48) · Initial genital herpes 1 g PO BID × 10 days; recurrent 500 mg BID × 3 days; suppression 500 mg-1 g PO daily; zoster 1 g TID × 7 days (1) · Initial genital herpes 400 mg PO TID × 7-10 days; episodic 800 mg TID × 2 days; suppression 400 mg BID; herpes zoster 800 mg 5×/day × 7 days; HSV encephalitis 10 mg/kg IV q8h × 14-21 days (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · Treatment: 75 mg PO BID × 5 days (adult); pediatric weight-based; prophylaxis: 75 mg PO once daily × 7-10 days (1)

None (48) · 200, 400, 800 mg tablets; 200 mg capsules; 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500, 1000 mg IV vials; 5% cream and ointment (topical) (1) · 30, 45, 75 mg capsules; 6 mg/mL oral suspension (1) · 500 mg, 1 g tablets (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)

None (48) · 150 mg/d (treatment) (1) · 3 g/d (zoster) (1) · Indication-specific; high-dose IV regimens for encephalitis or disseminated disease (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (48) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · IV (1) · Oral (4) · sublingual (1) · topical (1)

None (48) · Symptom relief within 24-48 hours (1) · Symptom relief within 24-48 hours of starting episodic treatment (1) · Symptom shortening detectable within 24-48 hours of starting (small absolute benefit; ~1 day reduction in symptom duration) (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (48) · 12 hours (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · 8 hours per dose (1) · 8 hours per oral dose (1)

None (48) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~3 hours (acyclovir, the active metabolite); longer in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-000005D6-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours; significantly prolonged in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-0000090F-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-10 hours (oseltamivir carboxylate, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E94-QINU`"' (1)

None (48) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~20% (oral; valacyclovir prodrug raises this to ~55%)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000910-QINU`"' (1) · ~55% bioavailability of acyclovir after valacyclovir oral (vs ~20% from oral acyclovir directly)'"`UNIQ--ref-000005D7-QINU`"' (1) · ~75% (oral, as the active carboxylate after hepatic esterase activation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E95-QINU`"' (1)

None (48) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Generally used when influenza treatment is indicated; pregnancy is a recognized risk factor for severe influenza.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Widely used in pregnancy for HSV/VZV indications; reassuring registry data.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Widely used in pregnancy when antiviral indicated; reassuring registry data.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)