Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines (732)

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None (9)

None (3) · AMPA receptor antagonist (1) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABA enhancer; sodium channel blocker; histone deacetylase inhibitor (1) · GABA reuptake inhibitor (GAT-1 blocker) (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (16) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · GABAA potentiator (1) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (3) · GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) · Irreversible GABA-T inhibitor (1) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Multiple mechanisms; GPR55 antagonist; TRPV1 agonist (1) · NMDA antagonist; GABAA potentiator (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl− channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · Prodrug of phenytoin; sodium channel blocker (1) · Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1) · Serotonin releaser; sigma-1 agonist (1) · Slow-inactivation sodium channel enhancer; CRMP-2 ligand (1) · Sodium channel blocker (2) · Sodium channel blocker; GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · Sodium channel modulator (1) · Sodium/T-type calcium channel blocker; carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (1) · SV2A ligand (higher affinity than levetiracetam) (1) · T-type calcium channel blocker (1)

None (48) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5D-QINU`"' (1)

None (48) · Constipation: 15-30 mL PO daily (titrate to 1-2 soft stools/day); hepatic encephalopathy: 20-30 g (30-45 mL) PO/PR every 1-2 hours acutely until soft stools, then BID-QID to target 2-3 soft stools/day (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)

None (48) · 10 g/15 mL solution (Constulose); 10 g, 20 g powder packets (Kristalose) (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)

None (48) · Indication-specific; HE may require high-volume dosing (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (48) · especially in acute HE) (1) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (2) · rectal (enema (1) · sublingual (1)

None (48) · Constipation: 24-48 hours; HE: ammonia reduction within hours of stool production (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (48) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Hours (1)

None (48) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Not meaningfully described — lactulose is not significantly absorbed (1)

None (48) · <3% systemic absorption (the basis of the safety and mechanism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F5E-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1)

None (48) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)

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