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Medicines (732)

Medicines > classes

: Anticonvulsant

or Sedative-Hypnotic

or [[:Category:Eugeroics|Eugeroic]]

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None (9)

None (3) · AMPA receptor antagonist (1) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABA enhancer; sodium channel blocker; histone deacetylase inhibitor (1) · GABA reuptake inhibitor (GAT-1 blocker) (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (16) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · GABAA potentiator (1) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (3) · GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) · Irreversible GABA-T inhibitor (1) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Multiple mechanisms; GPR55 antagonist; TRPV1 agonist (1) · NMDA antagonist; GABAA potentiator (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · Prodrug of phenytoin; sodium channel blocker (1) · Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1) · Serotonin releaser; sigma-1 agonist (1) · Slow-inactivation sodium channel enhancer; CRMP-2 ligand (1) · Sodium channel blocker (2) · Sodium channel blocker; GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · Sodium channel modulator (1) · Sodium/T-type calcium channel blocker; carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (1) · SV2A ligand (higher affinity than levetiracetam) (1) · T-type calcium channel blocker (1)

None (49) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1)

None (49) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)

None (48) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg (scored). [[Armodafinil]] (Nuvigil), the R-enantiomer of modafinil, is available separately as 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, and 250 mg tablets. (1)

None (48) · 400 mg/day.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (48) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (2) · sublingual (1)

None (48) · Peak plasma concentration in 2-4 hours after oral administration. Clinically perceptible wakefulness-promoting effects typically begin within 1-2 hours of dosing.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (48) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Effective duration approximately 12-15 hours at the 200 mg dose, consistent with the elimination half-life. A single morning dose generally sustains wakefulness throughout the day without substantially disrupting nighttime sleep onset when taken early.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006D-QINU`"' (1)

None (49) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1)

None (48) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · Oral bioavailability is not precisely established in the label but absorption is rapid and essentially complete. Food delays peak plasma concentration by approximately one hour but does not reduce the extent of absorption.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006F-QINU`"' (1)

None (49) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1)

None (50)

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Quazepam

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