Drilldown: Medicines
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mechanism:
None (2) ·
Caffeine (1.5–2%) + theobromine + kolanin (a glycoside). (1) ·
Caffeine (highest of the ''Ilex'' genus) plus saponins that produce ritual vomiting at high doses. (1) ·
Caffeine (sometimes called 'mateine' historically, though chemically identical), theobromine, theophylline, plus polyphenols. (1) ·
Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) ·
Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) ·
Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) ·
GABAA potentiator (1) ·
GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) ·
GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) ·
Highest natural caffeine content of any plant (2–7% by dry weight, ~2–4× coffee). Caffeine is bound to tannins, producing a slower release than pure coffee caffeine. (1) ·
Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor (3) ·
Melatonin receptor agonist (2) ·
Melatonin receptor agonist; 5-HT2C antagonist (1) ·
Mu-opioid agonist; modulates glutamate AMPA receptors (1) ·
Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) ·
Potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor; also NRI (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is (S)-(-)-cathinone, a phenylpropanolamine close kin to amphetamine. Releases dopamine and norepinephrine. Also contains cathine (=norpseudoephedrine) and norephedrine. (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is arecoline, a muscarinic agonist (M1, M2, M3, M4) and partial agonist at nicotinic receptors. Produces alertness, salivation, sweating, mild euphoria. (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is cocaine, a tropane that blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine (and serotonin). At low oral doses from leaf chewing, the slow release favors NE-mediated alertness over DA-mediated euphoria. (1) ·
Primary alkaloid is theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), with minor caffeine. Also contains phenethylamine, anandamide (an endogenous cannabinoid), tryptophan (serotonin precursor), and flavanols. The combined effect is mild stimulation + mood elevation. (1) ·
Reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (1) ·
Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1) ·
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (3) ·
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (3) ·
Serotonin reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT2A antagonist (1) ·
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (balanced) (1) ·
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) ·
TrkB/BDNF'"`UNIQ--ref-00000084-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000085-QINU`"' (1) ·
Weak SRI; primarily H1/D2/alpha antagonist (1)
uses:
None (47) ·
Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain (1) ·
No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (2) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000000C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000F-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (54) ·
25 mg (1) ·
A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) ·
No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) ·
One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) ·
One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1)
preparations:
None (47) ·
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets; oral concentrate 20 mg/mL (1) ·
A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed (1) ·
Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) ·
Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) ·
Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) ·
Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) ·
Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) ·
Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) ·
Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'') (1) ·
Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) ·
Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) ·
Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)
fda max:
routes:
onset:
duration:
halflife:
bioavailability:
pregnancy:
None (55) ·
Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) ·
Category C (1) ·
Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-0000008F-QINU`"' (1) ·
Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1)
Showing below up to 59 results in range #1 to #59.