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Medicines > classes : Antidepressant or Research material or [[:Category:Crystalloid_IV_fluids|Crystalloid IV fluid]]

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generic:
brand:
None (131) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Anafranil (1) · Aurorix (1) · Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle, Irenka, Yentreve (1) · Edronax (1) · Fetzima (1) · Lactated Ringer's Injection (Baxter, B. Braun, ICU Medical); Hartmann's solution (intl.) (1) · Ludiomil (1) · Marplan (1) · Nardil (1) · Normal saline, NaCl injection, many; nebulized: HyperSal, PulmoSal (1) · Norpramin (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Parnate (1) · Savella (1) · Serzone (1) · Stablon (1) · Surmontil (1) · Tofranil (1) · Valdoxan (1) · Vivactil (1) · Zoloft (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
5-HT2A agonist (26) · Monoamine releasing agent (9) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (8) · CB1/CB2 agonist (7) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor (3) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (3) · Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (3) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) · NMDA antagonist (2) · Prodrug of GHB (2) · Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2)
uses:
None (149) · Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain (1) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000039-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000088-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000089-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000008A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000008B-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (149) · 25 mg (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · Volume and concentration titrated to clinical status; symptomatic hyponatremia: 3% NaCl 100-150 mL bolus, reassess (1) · Volume titrated to clinical status; typical adult bolus 500-1000 mL, then reassess (1)
preparations:
None (149) · 0.225%, 0.45%, 0.9%, 3%, 5% IV solutions; 0.9% nasal spray; 3% and 7% nebulizer solutions; oral tablets (1 g) (1) · 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets; oral concentrate 20 mg/mL (1) · 250, 500, 1000 mL IV bags. Composition per liter: Na+ 130 mEq, K+ 4 mEq, Ca2+ 3 mEq, Cl- 109 mEq, lactate 28 mEq (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)
fda max:
None (149) · 200 mg/d (1) · N/A (never approved) (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated to clinical endpoints (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated; sodium correction rate in chronic hyponatremia must not exceed 8-10 mEq/L per 24 hours to avoid osmotic demyelination (1)
routes:
None (148) · intranasal (1) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · IV (2) · nebulized (1) · ophthalmic (1) · oral (4) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (148) · Anxiolysis classically 3-4 weeks, continuing improvement to 8-12 weeks (1) · Immediate (IV) (1) · Immediate intravascular expansion (1) · Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks. (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
None (148) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Chronic daily dosing (1) · Long (1) · Roughly 20-25% of an IV bolus remains intravascular at 1 hour (1) · Roughly 20-30% remains intravascular at 1 hour (1)
halflife:
None (148) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Not applicable (electrolyte solution) (1) · Not applicable (electrolyte) (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~26 h (sertraline; range 13-45 h, longer in females); ~62-104 h (N-desmethylsertraline, weakly active) (1)
bioavailability:
None (148) · 100% (IV) (1) · 100% (IV); essentially complete (oral) (1) · Absolute bioavailability not precisely characterized; food modestly increases exposure (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~50% (highly variable) (1)
pregnancy:
None (148) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Category C (1) · Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-0000008F-QINU`"' (1) · Standard fluid and electrolyte management (1) · Standard resuscitation fluid in pregnancy (1)
legal:
None (149) · Rx-only (1) · Rx-only in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for parenteral formulations; OTC for oral, nasal, and many nebulizer products (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)

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