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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > classes : Antidepressant or Stimulant or Triazolobenzodiazepine

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generic:
brand:
None (43) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Anafranil (1) · Aurorix (1) · Benzedrex (1) · Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle, Irenka, Yentreve (1) · Edronax (1) · Fetzima (1) · Ludiomil (1) · Marplan (1) · Nardil (1) · Norpramin (1) · Parnate (1) · Savella (1) · Serzone (1) · Stablon (1) · Surmontil (1) · Tofranil (1) · Valdoxan (1) · Vivactil (1) · Xanax (1) · Zoloft (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Monoamine releasing agent (8) · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (5) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (4) · Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor (3) · Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (3) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2)
uses:
None (61) · Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain (1) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006B-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (61) · 0.25 mg (1) · 25 mg (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
None (61) · 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets (immediate-release and orally disintegrating); 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg extended-release tablets; 1 mg/mL oral concentrate (1) · 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets; oral concentrate 20 mg/mL (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)
fda max:
None (61) · 10 mg/d (1) · 200 mg/d (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)
routes:
None (60) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (4) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (60) · 30-60 min (immediate-release); 1-2 h (extended-release) (1) · Anxiolysis classically 3-4 weeks, continuing improvement to 8-12 weeks (1) · Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks. (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
None (60) · 6 h (immediate-release); ~11 h (extended-release) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Chronic daily dosing (1) · Long (1)
halflife:
None (60) · 11-13 h (immediate-release); 11-16 h (extended-release) (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~26 h (sertraline; range 13-45 h, longer in females); ~62-104 h (N-desmethylsertraline, weakly active) (1)
bioavailability:
None (60) · 80-90% oral (1) · Absolute bioavailability not precisely characterized; food modestly increases exposure (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~50% (highly variable) (1)
pregnancy:
None (60) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Category C (1) · Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-0000008F-QINU`"' (1) · Category D'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1)
legal:
None (61) · Rx-only (1) · Rx-only in US (1) · Schedule IV (US) (1)

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