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Medicines > classes : Benzodiazepine or [[:Category:Anesthetics|Anesthetic (historical)]] & routes: Oral

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generic:
Alprazolam (1) · Phencyclidine (1)
brand:
Sernyl (human, withdrawn 1965); Sernylan (veterinary, withdrawn 1978) (1) · Xanax (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (1) · GABA-A positive allosteric modulator'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000068-QINU`"' (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000063-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000064-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006B-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
0.25 mg (1) · No current medical indication. Historical anesthetic dose 0.25 mg/kg IV (Sernyl). (1)
preparations:
0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets (immediate-release and orally disintegrating); 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg extended-release tablets; 1 mg/mL oral concentrate (1) · Historical: Sernyl 25 mg tablets, 10 mg/mL injection (human); Sernylan 100 mg/mL injection (veterinary). Illicit: white crystalline powder, oily liquid, "dipped" cigarettes ("wet"), tablets. (1)
fda max:
10 mg/d (1) · N/A (no current medical indication) (1)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
30-60 min (immediate-release); 1-2 h (extended-release) (1) · Smoked 2-5 min; insufflated 5-15 min; oral 30-60 min; IV / IM ~5-15 min (1)
duration:
4-8 hours typical; longer at high doses; residual cognitive and perceptual effects up to 48 hours (1) · 6 h (immediate-release); ~11 h (extended-release) (1)
halflife:
11-13 h (immediate-release); 11-16 h (extended-release) (1) · Highly variable, 7-46 hours (mean ~21 h); lipophilic deposition in fat with delayed re-release contributes to wide range'"`UNIQ--ref-00000065-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
80-90% oral (1) · ~72% oral; ~85% smoked'"`UNIQ--ref-00000066-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (1) · Category D'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1)
legal:
Schedule IV (US) (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule II|Schedule II]] controlled substance in US (rescheduled from Schedule III in 1978). No accepted medical use. UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances Schedule II internationally.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' (1)

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