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Medicines > classes : Benzodiazepine or [[:Category:Sulfonylureas|Sulfonylurea (second-generation)]] & routes: Oral

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generic:
Alprazolam (1) · Glipizide (1)
brand:
Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL (1) · Xanax (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
GABA-A positive allosteric modulator'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000068-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000002D7-QINU`"' Hypoglycemia is the central risk, especially in elderly and renally impaired patients (glipizide has shorter half-life than glyburide, which is one reason it is preferred in older adults). CYP2C9 substrate; weight gain typical. (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006B-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000002D8-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
0.25 mg (1) · 5 mg PO once daily, 30 minutes before breakfast; XL: 5 mg with breakfast (1)
preparations:
0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets (immediate-release and orally disintegrating); 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg extended-release tablets; 1 mg/mL oral concentrate (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg immediate-release tablets; 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg extended-release tablets (1)
fda max:
10 mg/d (1) · 40 mg/d (IR; doses >15 mg given as divided BID); 20 mg/d (XL) (1)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
30-60 min (immediate-release); 1-2 h (extended-release) (1) · Within 30 minutes (IR) (1)
duration:
6 h (immediate-release); ~11 h (extended-release) (1) · ~12-24 hours (1)
halflife:
11-13 h (immediate-release); 11-16 h (extended-release) (1) · 2-5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000002D9-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
80-90% oral (1) · ~100% (oral; food delays absorption, hence pre-meal dosing for IR)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002DA-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
Avoid; switch to insulin. Hypoglycemia in newborn reported.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Category D'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1)
legal:
Schedule IV (US) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)

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