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Medicines > classes : Benzodiazepine or Phenethylamine or [[:Category:Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics|Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic]]

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generic:
brand:
None (34) · Ambien (IR), Ambien CR (biphasic-release), Edluar (sublingual), Intermezzo (low-dose sublingual for middle-of-night awakening), Zolpimist (oral spray) (1) · Dalmane (1) · Doral (1) · Halcion (1) · Lexotan (1) · Librium (1) · Mogadon (1) · Nexus, Eroxan (historical, late-1980s through mid-1990s) (1) · Onfi (1) · ProSom (1) · Restoril (1) · Rohypnol (1) · Serax (1) · Tranxene (1) · Versed (1) · Xanax (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (1) · 5-HT2A agonist (12) · 5-HT2A agonist; long duration (1) · 5-HT2A agonist; MAO inhibitor (1) · 5-HT2A agonist; milder than other 2C-x (1) · 5-HT2A partial agonist (1) · Extremely potent 5-HT2A agonist; vasoconstrictor (1) · Extremely potent 5-HT2A agonist; very long duration (1) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABA-A positive allosteric modulator'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000068-QINU`"' (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (18) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; low sedation (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; prodrug of desmethyldiazepam (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist; no oral activity (1) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist; very long duration (1) · Very potent 5-HT2A agonist; long duration (1)
uses:
None (48) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006B-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (48) · '''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men (1) · 0.25 mg (1)
preparations:
None (48) · 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets (immediate-release and orally disintegrating); 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg extended-release tablets; 1 mg/mL oral concentrate (1) · IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray (1)
fda max:
None (48) · 10 mg/d (1) · 10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR) (1)
routes:
None (47) · insufflated (1) · Oral (3) · oromucosal spray (1) · PR (1) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (47) · 15-30 minutes (1) · 30-60 min (immediate-release); 1-2 h (extended-release) (1) · 45-75 min (oral) (1)
duration:
None (47) · 4-8 h (1) · 6 h (immediate-release); ~11 h (extended-release) (1) · 6-8 hours (IR); 8 hours (CR via biphasic release) (1)
halflife:
None (47) · 11-13 h (immediate-release); 11-16 h (extended-release) (1) · Not well characterized (1) · ~2.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (47) · 80-90% oral (1) · Not well characterized (1) · ~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (47) · Category D'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1) · Limited human data; case reports of neonatal sedation with late-pregnancy exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Not established (1)
legal:
None (47) · Schedule IV (US) (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the FDA '''Boxed Warning''' for '''complex sleep behaviors''' (sleep-driving, sleep-walking, sleep-eating, other parasomnias) added in 2019'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1)

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