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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > classes : Benzodiazepine or Xanthine & routes: Oral

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generic:
Alprazolam (1) · Coffee (1)
brand:
''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) · Xanax (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) · GABA-A positive allosteric modulator'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000068-QINU`"' (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006B-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
0.25 mg (1) · One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1)
preparations:
0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets (immediate-release and orally disintegrating); 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg extended-release tablets; 1 mg/mL oral concentrate (1) · Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1)
fda max:
None (1) · 10 mg/d (1)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
30-60 min (immediate-release); 1-2 h (extended-release) (1) · ~15–30 min (1)
duration:
3–5 h (subjective) (1) · 6 h (immediate-release); ~11 h (extended-release) (1)
halflife:
11-13 h (immediate-release); 11-16 h (extended-release) (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1)
bioavailability:
80-90% oral (1) · ~99% (caffeine) (1)
pregnancy:
Category D'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1) · Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1)
legal:
Schedule IV (US) (1) · Unrestricted (food) (1)

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