Drilldown: Medicines
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generic:
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classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Cardioselective β1-adrenergic antagonist. Selectivity is dose-dependent and partially lost at higher doses. (1) ·
Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol. (1) ·
Non-selective competitive antagonist at β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. Lipophilic; significant blood–brain barrier penetration, accounting for its CNS effects. (1) ·
Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) ·
The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1)
uses:
No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000004F5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F9-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000005E7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005E8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005E9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005EA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005EB-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000636-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000637-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000638-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
10–40 mg (situational anxiety); 40 mg BID (HTN) (1) ·
2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) ·
25–50 mg BID (tartrate); 25–100 mg daily (succinate); 12.5 mg daily in HFrEF (1) ·
5 mg daily (1) ·
No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
10, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg tabs; 60/80/120/160 mg ER caps; 1 mg/mL IV (1) ·
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) ·
5, 10 mg tabs (1) ·
Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) ·
Tartrate: 25, 50, 100 mg tabs; 1 mg/mL IV. Succinate ER: 25, 50, 100, 200 mg. (1)
fda max:
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Showing below up to 5 results in range #1 to #5.