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: Botanical

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or [[:Category:Antimuscarinics|Antimuscarinic]]

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None (23) · ''Areca catechu'' (the nut); ''Piper betle'' (the leaf) (1) · ''Brugmansia'' spp., Angel's trumpet, ''borrachero'', ''toé'' (1) · ''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Catha edulis''. Chat, qat, the Flower of Paradise (1) · ''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) · ''Cola nitida'', ''Cola acuminata'' (1) · ''Erythroxylum coca'', ''E. novogranatense'' (1) · ''Ilex paraguariensis'' (1) · ''Ilex vomitoria'' (1) · ''Mimosa tenuiflora''. Jurema preta, tepescohuite (1) · ''Paullinia cupana'' (1) · ''Sophora secundiflora''. Texas mountain laurel, frijolillo (1) · ''Theobroma cacao'' (1) · Atrovent (inhaler, intranasal); also generic (1) · Bentyl (1) · Deadly nightshade (1) · Ditropan, Ditropan XL, Oxytrol (transdermal), Gelnique (gel) (1) · Henbane, black henbane (1) · Mandrake (1) · Reed canary grass (1) · Spiriva, Spiriva Respimat (1) · The ayahuasca vine, ''yagé'', ''caapi'', ''mariri'' (1) · Wormwood, absinthe, la Fée Verte, the Green Muse (1)

None (4) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2)

Other values:

None (38) · 18 mcg DPI once daily (HandiHaler); 2.5 mcg per actuation × 2 inhalations once daily (Respimat) (1) · 20 mg PO QID (start 10 mg and titrate); IM 20 mg q6h short-term (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · IR 5 mg PO BID-TID; ER 5-10 mg PO daily, titrate; transdermal patch 3.9 mg/d twice weekly (OTC) (1) · Nebulized 500 mcg q6-8h (or with albuterol as DuoNeb); MDI 17 mcg/puff, 2 puffs QID; nasal 0.03% or 0.06% spray BID-TID (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1)

None (23) · 10, 20 mg tablets/capsules; 10 mg/5 mL syrup; 10 mg/mL IM injection (1) · 18 mcg HandiHaler capsules; 2.5 mcg/actuation Respimat solution inhaler (1.25 mcg/actuation for asthma indication) (1) · 5 mg IR tablets; 5, 10, 15 mg ER tablets; 5 mg/5 mL syrup; 3.9 mg/24 h transdermal patch (Oxytrol); 10% topical gel (1) · A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed (1) · Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI (1) · Atrovent HFA 17 mcg/actuation MDI; 500 mcg/2.5 mL nebulizer solution; 0.03% and 0.06% intranasal sprays; with albuterol as DuoNeb / Combivent Respimat (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) · Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) · Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) · Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) · Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) · Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'') (1) · Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) · Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) · Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) · Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'') (1) · Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) · Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)

None (42) · 12 puffs MDI/d typical; nebulized 2000 mcg/d (1) · 160 mg/d (rarely tolerated due to anticholinergic effects) (1) · 30 mg/d (XL) typical (1) · One dose per day (1)

None (39) · 1-2 hours PO (1) · 15–30 min (2) · 30-60 minutes (PO) (1) · Bronchodilation 15-30 minutes (1) · Bronchodilation 30 minutes; steady-state at 1-2 weeks (1) · ~15–30 min (1)

None (39) · 24 hours (long receptor dissociation half-life from M3) (1) · 2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 3–5 h (subjective) (1) · 4 hours (1) · 4-6 hours (1) · IR: 6-10 hours; ER: 24 hours (1)

None (40) · 2-3 hours (parent and active N-desethyl metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-000006E1-QINU`"' (1) · ~1.8 hours (initial); ~10 hours (terminal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B25-QINU`"' (1) · ~2 hours (plasma; minimal relevance — local-action drug)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F7B-QINU`"' (1) · ~25-44 hours plasma; receptor kinetics drive the once-daily duration'"`UNIQ--ref-000009C0-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (2)

None (41) · Inhaled lung deposition with minimal systemic absorption (the basis of the favorable safety profile vs systemic antimuscarinics)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F7C-QINU`"' (1) · Inhaled lung deposition ~20%; systemic absorption from lung ~33%; oral component negligible'"`UNIQ--ref-000009C1-QINU`"' (1) · ~6% IR oral (substantial first-pass to active N-desethyl metabolite, which contributes most of the antimuscarinic adverse effects); transdermal bypasses first-pass and is better tolerated'"`UNIQ--ref-000006E2-QINU`"' (1) · ~67% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B26-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (caffeine) (1)

None (41) · Generally avoided; not first-line.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) · Limited data.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited data; generally considered acceptable when needed.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Limited data; LABA/LAMA strategies in pregnancy generally favor agents with the most reassuring data.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)

None (37) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · OTC (transdermal patch in women) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · Unrestricted (food) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (3)