Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines (732)

Medicines > classes

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or Sedative-Hypnotic

or [[:Category:Antigout_agents|Antigout agent]]

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None (32) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Colcrys, Mitigare, Gloperba, Lodoco (low-dose cardiovascular) (1) · Dalmane (1) · Doral (1) · Doriden (1) · Halcion (1) · Hetlioz (1) · Imovane (1) · Lunesta (1) · Mogadon (1) · Nembutal (1) · Placidyl (1) · ProSom (1) · Quaalude (1) · Restoril (1) · Rohypnol (1) · Rozerem (1) · Seconal (1) · Sonata (1) · THIP (1) · Versed (1) · Xyrem (1) · Zyloprim, Aloprim (IV) (1)

None (4) · Apomorphine and nuciferine; dopaminergic activity (1) · Contains atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine (1) · Contains bufotenin and DMT (1) · Contains harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine (1) · Contains ibogaine; kappa-opioid agonist (1) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2) · Contains muscimol and ibotenic acid (1) · Contains psilocybin and psilocin (1) · Contains salvinorin A (1) · DMT + MAOI (harmine/harmaline); 5-HT2A agonist (1) · DMT-containing plant used in psychedelic preparations (1) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · GABAA potentiator (1) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) · GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) · Kavalactones; GABAA modulator; sigma receptor activity (1) · Mechanism incompletely understood (1) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) · Partial MAOI; anticholinergic effects (1) · Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl− channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; beta-carboline (1) · Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; NMDA antagonist; beta-carboline (1) · Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1) · Weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor; beta-carboline (1)

None (52) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000030B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000030C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000030D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000030E-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C6D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C6E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C6F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C70-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C71-QINU`"' (1)

None (52) · 100 mg PO once daily; titrate by 100 mg every 2-4 weeks to a serum urate target (typically <6 mg/dL, or <5 in tophaceous disease) (1) · Acute gout: 1.2 mg PO at first symptom, then 0.6 mg 1 hour later (total 1.8 mg in 1 hour, the FDA-revised regimen); prophylaxis 0.6 mg PO daily or BID; FMF 1-2 mg/d; pericarditis 0.5-0.6 mg BID for 3 months; Lodoco 0.5 mg PO daily for CV risk reduction (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)

None (52) · 0.6 mg tablets; 0.6 mg/5 mL solution; 0.5 mg tablets (Lodoco) (1) · 100 mg, 300 mg tablets; IV 500 mg vial (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)

None (52) · 1.8 mg in any 1-hour period (acute gout); 1.2 mg/d (prophylaxis with renal/hepatic impairment); much lower with strong CYP3A4 or P-gp inhibitors (1) · 800 mg/d (rarely needed) (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (52) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · IV (1) · Oral (2) · Oral (IV form withdrawn US 2009 due to fatal toxicity reports) (1) · sublingual (1)

None (52) · Anti-inflammatory effect within 24 hours of gout flare onset; loses effectiveness if delayed (1) · Serum urate falls gradually over days to weeks; acute flare prevention requires colchicine cover during initiation (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (52) · 24 hours (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Hours per dose (1)

None (52) · 1-2 hours (parent); 18-30 hours for active metabolite oxypurinol'"`UNIQ--ref-0000030F-QINU`"' (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~27-31 hours; markedly prolonged in renal/hepatic impairment and with CYP3A4 or P-gp inhibitors'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C72-QINU`"' (1)

None (52) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~45% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C73-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000310-QINU`"' (1)

None (52) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Limited safety data; weigh benefit individually.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1) · Used in FMF in pregnancy; otherwise weigh against alternatives.[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]] (1)