Drilldown: Medicines

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None (32) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Dalmane (1) · Doral (1) · Doriden (1) · Effexor XR, Effexor IR (discontinued in US, generic widely available) (1) · Halcion (1) · Hetlioz (1) · Imovane (1) · Lunesta (1) · Mogadon (1) · Nembutal (1) · Placidyl (1) · Pristiq (1) · ProSom (1) · Quaalude (1) · Restoril (1) · Rohypnol (1) · Rozerem (1) · Seconal (1) · Sonata (1) · THIP (1) · Versed (1) · Xyrem (1)

Research material · Classic Psychedelic · Stimulant · Opioid · Sedative-Hypnotic · Phenethylamine · Tryptamine · Benzodiazepine · Botanical · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] · Dissociative · Anticonvulsant · Antidepressant · Plant Medicine · Analgesic · Antiparkinsonian · Antipsychotic · Empathogen · Neuroleptic · Cathinone

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None (4) · Apomorphine and nuciferine; dopaminergic activity (1) · Contains atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine (1) · Contains bufotenin and DMT (1) · Contains harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine (1) · Contains ibogaine; kappa-opioid agonist (1) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2) · Contains muscimol and ibotenic acid (1) · Contains psilocybin and psilocin (1) · Contains salvinorin A (1) · DMT + MAOI (harmine/harmaline); 5-HT2A agonist (1) · DMT-containing plant used in psychedelic preparations (1) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · GABAA potentiator (1) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) · GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) · Kavalactones; GABAA modulator; sigma receptor activity (1) · Mechanism incompletely understood (1) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) · Partial MAOI; anticholinergic effects (1) · Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_A receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl⁻ channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) · Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; beta-carboline (1) · Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; NMDA antagonist; beta-carboline (1) · Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1) · Weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor; beta-carboline (1)

None (52) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (1)

None (52) · 50 mg PO once daily ('''no titration required''', distinguishing it favorably from venlafaxine) (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · XR 37.5 mg PO once daily for 4-7 days, then 75 mg/day; titrate by 75 mg every ≥4 days to clinical effect. IR 25-37.5 mg BID-TID (1)

None (52) · ER tablets 25, 50, 100 mg (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · IR tablets 25, 37.5, 50, 75, 100 mg; XR capsules 37.5, 75, 150, 225 mg (1)

None (52) · 225 mg/day outpatient (XR); 375 mg/day inpatient (IR divided TID); 75 mg/day in moderate hepatic impairment (1) · 50 mg/day (no efficacy benefit shown for higher doses despite the 100 mg strength being available) (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (52) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (3) · sublingual (1)

None (52) · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks (1) · Antidepressant effect over 1-2 weeks; anxiolytic effect over 4-6 weeks (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (52) · 24 hours (1) · 24 hours (XR); 12 hours (IR) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1)

None (52) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Venlafaxine 5 hours; desvenlafaxine active metabolite 11 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · ~11 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1)

None (52) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~45%'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1)

None (52) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Observational signal for neonatal adaptation syndrome with late-pregnancy exposure (SNRI class effect).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Observational signal for neonatal adaptation syndrome with late-pregnancy exposure; weigh against the risks of untreated maternal depression.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

None (53) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1)