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Medicines > classes : Cathinone or Sedative-Hypnotic or [[:Category:Mucolytics|Mucolytic]]

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generic:
brand:
None (23) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Dalmane (1) · Doral (1) · Doriden (1) · Halcion (1) · Hetlioz (1) · Imovane (1) · Lunesta (1) · Mogadon (1) · Mucinex, Robitussin, Tussin (1) · Nembutal (1) · Placidyl (1) · ProSom (1) · Quaalude (1) · Restoril (1) · Rohypnol (1) · Rozerem (1) · Seconal (1) · Sonata (1) · THIP (1) · Versed (1) · Xyrem (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (2) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · GABAA potentiator (1) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) · GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Monoamine releasing agent (4) · Monoamine releasing agent; active ingredient in khat (1) · Norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent (1) · Norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (1) · Norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1) · Serotonin releasing agent; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104D-QINU`"' Adequate hydration is at least as important as the drug in producing the expectorant effect clinically. Used in combination with dextromethorphan, decongestants, or antihistamines in many proprietary OTC cold preparations. (1)
uses:
None (43) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104F-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (43) · 200-400 mg PO q4h (IR); 600-1200 mg PO q12h (Mucinex 12-Hour ER) (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
None (43) · 100, 200, 400 mg IR tablets; 600 mg, 1200 mg Mucinex ER tablets; many liquid formulations and combination products with dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine, antihistamines (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)
fda max:
None (43) · 2.4 g/d (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)
routes:
None (43) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (2) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (43) · 30 minutes (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
None (43) · 4 hours (IR); 12 hours (ER) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1)
halflife:
None (43) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~1 hour'"`UNIQ--ref-00001050-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (43) · High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001051-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1)
pregnancy:
None (43) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Generally considered acceptable.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (44) · OTC in US (1)

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