Drilldown: Medicines
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
brand:
None (23) ·
(none, never marketed) (1) ·
Allegra, Allegra Allergy 24 Hour, Mucinex Allergy (combo) — all now OTC in US (1) ·
Claritin, Alavert, Tavist ND (1) ·
Dalmane (1) ·
Doral (1) ·
Doriden (1) ·
Halcion (1) ·
Hetlioz (1) ·
Imovane (1) ·
Lunesta (1) ·
Mogadon (1) ·
Nembutal (1) ·
Placidyl (1) ·
ProSom (1) ·
Quaalude (1) ·
Restoril (1) ·
Rohypnol (1) ·
Rozerem (1) ·
Seconal (1) ·
Sonata (1) ·
THIP (1) ·
Versed (1) ·
Xyrem (1) ·
Xyzal, Xyzal Allergy 24HR (OTC) (1) ·
Zyrtec, Zyrtec-D (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (2) ·
Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) ·
Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) ·
GABAA potentiator (1) ·
GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) ·
GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) ·
Melatonin receptor agonist (2) ·
Monoamine releasing agent (4) ·
Monoamine releasing agent; active ingredient in khat (1) ·
Norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent (1) ·
Norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (1) ·
Norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor (1) ·
Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) ·
Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1) ·
Serotonin releasing agent; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (1) ·
Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000391-QINU`"' Minimal CYP metabolism; mostly renally cleared unchanged. Cetirizine is the active racemate; levocetirizine is the active R-enantiomer marketed separately'"`UNIQ--ref-00000392-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000061E-QINU`"' Less reliably anticholinergic than first-generation H1s; minimal antiemetic effect. Desloratadine (Clarinex) is the active enantiomer-of-metabolite version marketed as a Rx alternative. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000950-QINU`"' Mostly renally cleared unchanged; dose-reduce in renal impairment. Like cetirizine, retains slightly more sedation than fexofenadine in some users'"`UNIQ--ref-00000951-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000CC9-QINU`"' Mostly excreted unchanged in feces and urine; P-glycoprotein substrate (the basis of the fruit-juice interaction). (1)
uses:
None (43) ·
No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000393-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000394-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000395-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000061F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000620-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000952-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000953-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000CCA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CCB-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (43) ·
10 mg PO once daily (1) ·
10 mg PO once daily (5 mg in older adults or if sedation occurs) (1) ·
5 mg PO once daily in the evening (1) ·
60 mg PO BID or 180 mg PO once daily (1) ·
No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
None (43) ·
10 mg tablets; 5 mg ODT and chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; combo Claritin-D (with pseudoephedrine, behind-counter) (1) ·
30, 60, 180 mg tablets; 30 mg ODT; 6 mg/mL oral suspension; all OTC (1) ·
5 mg tablets; 2.5 mg/5 mL oral solution; OTC (1) ·
5 mg, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg, 10 mg chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; OTC (1) ·
Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)
fda max:
onset:
duration:
halflife:
None (43) ·
8-10 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000396-QINU`"' (1) ·
Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) ·
~14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCC-QINU`"' (1) ·
~8 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000954-QINU`"' (1) ·
~8 hours (parent); ~28 hours (desloratadine, the active metabolite, marketed separately as Clarinex)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000621-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (43) ·
High (oral); not significantly affected by food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000397-QINU`"' (1) ·
High (oral; food prolongs absorption modestly)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000622-QINU`"' (1) ·
Not formally characterized in humans. (1) ·
~33% (oral; fruit juices including grapefruit, orange, and apple reduce absorption substantially via OATP1A2 inhibition — distinctive interaction not seen with most other H1s)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCD-QINU`"' (1) ·
~85-90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000955-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (43) ·
Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) ·
Generally considered safe; loratadine and cetirizine have more pregnancy data and are typically preferred.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe; widely used. Cetirizine and loratadine remain the more-studied alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe; widely used. Levocetirizine (the R-enantiomer) is an alternative with similar safety.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Generally considered safe; widely used. Loratadine and cetirizine are the most-recommended 2nd-gen H1s in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
legal:
Showing below up to 48 results in range #1 to #48.