Drilldown: Medicines

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None (23) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Dalmane (1) · Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene, Depacon (IV) (1) · Doral (1) · Doriden (1) · Halcion (1) · Hetlioz (1) · Imovane (1) · Lunesta (1) · Mogadon (1) · Nembutal (1) · Placidyl (1) · ProSom (1) · Quaalude (1) · Restoril (1) · Rohypnol (1) · Rozerem (1) · Seconal (1) · Sonata (1) · THIP (1) · Versed (1) · Xyrem (1)

Research material · Classic Psychedelic · Stimulant · Opioid · Sedative-Hypnotic · Phenethylamine · Tryptamine · Benzodiazepine · Botanical · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] · Dissociative · Anticonvulsant · Antidepressant · Plant Medicine · Analgesic · Antiparkinsonian · Antipsychotic · Empathogen · Neuroleptic · Cathinone

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None (2) · Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (2) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · GABAA potentiator (1) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) · GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Monoamine releasing agent (4) · Monoamine releasing agent; active ingredient in khat (1) · Norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent (1) · Norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (1) · Norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_A receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl⁻ channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1) · Serotonin releasing agent; monoamine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000975-QINU`"' Hyperammonemic encephalopathy (consider in any unexplained CNS depression), thrombocytopenia, and polycystic ovary syndrome are characteristic chronic-use adverse effects beyond hepatic and pancreatic risks'"`UNIQ--ref-00000976-QINU`"'. (1)

None (43) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000977-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000978-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000979-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000097A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000097B-QINU`"' (1)

None (43) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · Seizures: 10-15 mg/kg/d divided BID-TID, titrate to therapeutic level (50-100 mcg/mL); bipolar mania: 750 mg/d divided, titrate (1)

None (43) · 125, 250, 500 mg delayed-release tablets (Depakote); 250, 500 mg ER tablets (Depakote ER); 125, 250 mg sprinkle capsules; 250 mg/5 mL syrup; 500 mg IV (Depacon) (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)

None (43) · 60 mg/kg/d (typically up to 3000 mg/d) (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (43) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · IV (1) · Oral (2) · rectal (off-label use of injection) (1) · sublingual (1)

None (43) · Anticonvulsant effect within days; mood-stabilizing effect 1-3 weeks (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (43) · 12 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1)

None (43) · 9-16 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000097C-QINU`"' (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1)

None (43) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~100% (oral); highly (~90%) protein-bound, with non-linear binding above therapeutic levels (free fraction matters clinically in hypoalbuminemia)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000097D-QINU`"' (1)

None (43) · '''Contraindicated for migraine prophylaxis in pregnancy; high teratogenic risk''' (neural tube defects, craniofacial anomalies, cardiac defects, cognitive/IQ impairment); avoid in women of childbearing potential without reliable contraception when alternatives exist'"`UNIQ--ref-0000097E-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1)

None (44) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries '''Boxed Warnings''' for hepatotoxicity (especially children <2 with metabolic disorders), teratogenicity, and pancreatitis'"`UNIQ--ref-0000097F-QINU`"' (1)