Drilldown: Medicines

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None (69)

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Research material · Classic Psychedelic · Stimulant · Opioid · Sedative-Hypnotic · Phenethylamine · Tryptamine · Benzodiazepine · Botanical · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] · Dissociative · Anticonvulsant · Antidepressant · Plant Medicine · Analgesic · Antipsychotic · Antiparkinsonian · Empathogen · Neuroleptic · Cathinone

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5-HT2A agonist (26) · None (11) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2)

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None (70) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (8) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000F-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"' (2) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000055-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000056-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000057-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000058-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000075-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000076-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000077-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000000B8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000B9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000BB-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000004CA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004CB-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004CC-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000056B-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000063E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000063F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000640-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000641-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000683-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000684-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000685-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000686-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000749-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000074A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000074B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000074C-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000780-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000781-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000782-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000840-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000841-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A1F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A20-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A21-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A66-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A67-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A68-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A69-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A6A-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AAD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AAE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AAF-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AEC-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AED-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B81-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B82-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B83-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C2E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C2F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C30-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C31-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000111D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000111E-QINU`"' (1)

None (85) · 1 mg PO at bedtime to limit first-dose syncope; titrate weekly to 5-10 mg (1) · 10 mg PO once daily (5 mg if on a diuretic); titrate to 40 mg (1) · 12.5-25 mg PO once daily (1) · 12.5-25 mg PO once daily; titrate to 50 mg (1) · 150 mg PO once daily; titrate to 300 mg if needed (1) · 2.5 mg PO once daily (1.25 mg in CHF or volume depletion); titrate to 5-10 mg/d (1) · 2.5-5 mg PO once daily; titrate to 10 mg/d (1) · 20 mg PO once daily; titrate to 40 mg/d after 2 weeks if needed (1) · 25-50 mg PO once daily; titrate to 100 mg/day (1) · 40 mg PO once daily; titrate to 80 mg (1) · 5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg if on diuretic or in heart failure); titrate to 10-20 mg BID for HFrEF (1) · 5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg in heart failure, hyponatremia, or volume depletion) (1) · 50 mg PO daily (25 mg in volume depletion or hepatic impairment) (1) · 80-160 mg PO once daily (40 mg BID in HFrEF, titrating up to 160 mg BID) (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · ADHD (Kapvay ER): 0.1 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 0.4 mg/day divided BID. HTN (IR): 0.1 mg PO BID, titrate by 0.1 mg increments (1) · ER 180-240 mg PO once daily; IR 30 mg PO QID; IV 0.25 mg/kg over 2 min for acute rate control, then 5-15 mg/h infusion (1) · ER 30-60 mg PO once daily; immediate-release 10 mg PO TID (now rarely used for hypertension due to reflex tachycardia) (1) · Heart failure: 3.125 mg PO BID, doubling every 2 weeks as tolerated to target 25 mg BID (50 mg BID if >85 kg). Hypertension: 6.25 mg PO BID, titrate to 25 mg BID (1) · IR 1 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly; XL 4-8 mg PO daily (1) · IR 80-120 mg PO TID; ER 180-240 mg PO daily; IV 2.5-5 mg over 2 min for SVT termination (under monitoring); cluster prophylaxis up to 480-960 mg/d in divided doses (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1) · Ophthalmic: 1 drop 0.5% in affected eye(s) BID (or once daily for XE / Istalol). Oral hypertension: 10 mg PO BID, titrate to 60 mg/day. Migraine prophylaxis: 10 mg BID, titrate to 30 mg/day (1) · Oral: 100 mg PO BID, titrate to 400 mg BID. IV: 20 mg over 2 minutes, repeat 40-80 mg every 10 minutes as needed (maximum cumulative 300 mg); continuous infusion 2 mg/minute (1) · PO 10 mg QID; IV 5-10 mg every 20-30 minutes for hypertensive emergency (1)

None (70)

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None (89) · 10 mg/d (1) · 100 mg/d (1) · 100 mg/d (rarely used) (1) · 100-200 mg/day depending on indication (1) · 120 mg/d (ER); IR not for chronic hypertension (1) · 16 mg/d (IR); 8 mg/d (XL) (1) · 2.4 mg/day (HTN, IR); 0.4 mg/day (ADHD, Kapvay) (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 20 mg/d (hypertension); 10 mg/d (other indications typical) (1) · 2400 mg/day (oral); 300 mg total per IV bolus dosing series (1) · 300 mg/d (1) · 300 mg/d typical practical limit (toxicity rises sharply above) (1) · 320 mg/d (hypertension); 320 mg/d (HF) (1) · 40 mg/d (2) · 50 mg BID in heart failure (or once-daily equivalent CR); 25 mg BID in hypertension (1) · 50 mg/d (hypertension); up to 200 mg/d (edema) (1) · 60 mg/day (oral, hypertension); 0.5% BID (ophthalmic) (1) · 80 mg/d (3) · ~480 mg/d (oral) for cardiovascular indications; higher off-label for cluster (1) · ~480 mg/d (oral); IV per protocol (1)

None (69) · buccal); refined cocaine has its own profile (1) · epidural injection (1) · IM (1) · inhalation (2) · intravenous (1) · IV (4) · MI reports) (1) · multiple ER formulations) (1) · ophthalmic (1) · Oral (35) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1) · Oral (buccal) (1) · Oral (IR (1) · Oral (IR and multiple ER) (1) · Oral (leaf (1) · Oral (with MAOI) (2) · Oral; sublingual IR is discouraged (uncontrolled BP drops (1) · smoked (extracted DMT) (1) · topical (1) · transdermal (1)

None (85) · 15–30 min (2) · 30-60 min (IR oral); 2-3 days to steady state (transdermal patch) (1) · 30–60 minutes (1) · Antihypertensive effect within 1 week; heart-failure mortality benefit accrues over months of titration (1) · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks (2) · BP effect 1 hour; max at 4-6 hours (1) · BP effect 1-2 hours; max at 6 hours (1) · BP effect 1-2 weeks; antihypertensive peak 3-6 weeks (1) · BP effect 1-2 weeks; max at 2-3 weeks (1) · BP effect 2 hours; max at 4-6 weeks (1) · BP effect within 1-2 weeks (2) · BP effect within 24 hours; full effect at 1-2 weeks (long half-life) (1) · BP effect within hours (oral); 5-10 minutes (IV) (1) · BP effect within hours (oral); IOP reduction within 30 minutes, full effect 1-2 weeks (ophthalmic) (1) · BP effect within hours; full effect over 1-2 weeks (1) · BP lowering within 1 hour; max at 6 hours (1) · BP lowering within 1 hour; max effect at 6 hours (1) · Diuresis at 2 hours; antihypertensive effect within days, max at 3-4 weeks (1) · Diuresis at 2-3 hours; BP effect over weeks (1) · IR 20 minutes; ER ~6 hours (1) · IV: 1-3 minutes (SVT termination); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours (1) · IV: 3-7 minutes (rate control); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours (1) · IV: 5-20 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes (1) · ~15–30 min (1)

None (85) · 12 hours (oral BID); 24 hours (Timoptic-XE) (1) · 12-24 hours (1) · 24 hours (11) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing supported by long elimination) (1) · 2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 3–5 h (subjective) (1) · 48-72 hours per dose (much longer than hydrochlorothiazide) (1) · 6-12 hours (1) · 8-12 hours (IR); ~7 days (transdermal patch) (1) · 8-12 hours (oral); 4-6 hours (IV) (1) · 8–12 hours (1) · IR 4-8 hours; ER 24 hours (1) · IR: 4-8 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) · IR: 6-8 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) · IV: 1-4 hours; PO: 3-8 hours (1) · ~12 hours (IR); 24 hours (CR) (1)

None (86) · 10-11 hours (benazeprilat, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A22-QINU`"' (1) · 11-15 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000842-QINU`"' (1) · 12-16 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 2 hours (parent); 6-9 hours for active carboxylic acid metabolite EXP3174'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BC-QINU`"' (1) · 2-5 hours (IR); ER formulations extend functional duration via osmotic/matrix release'"`UNIQ--ref-0000074D-QINU`"' (1) · 3-4.5 hours (IR); 5-7 hours (ER; effective duration 24 hours via formulation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000642-QINU`"' (1) · 3-7 hours (IR); functional 24 hours (ER)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A6B-QINU`"' (1) · 3-7 hours (slow acetylators) vs 1-3 hours (rapid acetylators) via NAT2 polymorphism'"`UNIQ--ref-00000687-QINU`"' (1) · 30-50 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000078-QINU`"' (1) · 3–5 hours (1) · 40-60 hours (notable for the thiazide class)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000783-QINU`"' (1) · 6-15 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013E-QINU`"' (1) · 6-9 hours (substantially longer in renal impairment due to renal elimination)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · 7-10 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~11 hours (enalaprilat, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B84-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours (effective); terminal half-life is biphasic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000059-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000111F-QINU`"' (1) · ~13 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056C-QINU`"' (1) · ~13-17 hours (ramiprilat, the active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C32-QINU`"' (1) · ~22 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AB0-QINU`"' (1) · ~24 hours (longest of the ARB class; suits patients with morning BP surge)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AEE-QINU`"' (1) · ~4 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (2) · ~6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000004CD-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1)

None (87) · 42-58% (oral; dose-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AEF-QINU`"' (1) · 60-80% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000843-QINU`"' (1) · 64-90% (oral; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000079-QINU`"' (1) · 65-75% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013F-QINU`"' (1) · 70–90% (oral) (1) · >90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001120-QINU`"' (1) · ~20-35% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 with R/S enantiomer differences)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A6C-QINU`"' (1) · ~25% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~25% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005A-QINU`"' (1) · ~25% (oral; food reduces absorption ~40%)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004CE-QINU`"' (1) · ~25-35% (extensive first-pass), increased by food which slows absorption and reduces orthostatic risk'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · ~25-50% (oral; substantial first-pass via NAT2 acetylation, phenotype-dependent)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000688-QINU`"' (1) · ~26% (oral; prodrug hydrolyzed by intestinal esterases to active olmesartan; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056D-QINU`"' (1) · ~28% (oral; food slows but does not reduce absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C33-QINU`"' (1) · ~33% (extensive first-pass via CYP2C9 and CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BD-QINU`"' (1) · ~37% (oral; food does not affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A23-QINU`"' (1) · ~40% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000643-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral); systemic absorption from ophthalmic application is clinically meaningful via nasolacrimal drainage'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% IR (extensive first-pass via CYP3A4); ER products release-rate-limited'"`UNIQ--ref-0000074E-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral; food does not affect absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B85-QINU`"' (1) · ~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000784-QINU`"' (1) · ~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AB1-QINU`"' (1) · ~75-85% (oral); ~60% (transdermal at steady state)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (caffeine) (1)

None (88) · '''Among the safest antihypertensives in pregnancy''', recommended for chronic hypertension during pregnancy and first-line for severe hypertension in preeclampsia and eclampsia'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-000000BE-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-000004CF-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-0000056E-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000844-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, hypocalvaria, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AF0-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005B-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A24-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension. Stop on detection'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B86-QINU`"' (1) · '''Contraindicated in pregnancy''' (all trimesters); fetal renal injury, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, hypotension'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C34-QINU`"' (1) · '''Documented fetal growth restriction with chronic exposure'''; avoid in pregnancy if alternative β-blockers are appropriate. The β-blocker most consistently associated with intrauterine growth concerns'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · Avoided where possible; same class concerns as HCTZ.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1) · Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; alternative antihypertensives generally preferred. Crosses placenta.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; case series and registries suggest no major teratogenicity but other antihypertensives (labetalol, nifedipine) are typically preferred.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; labetalol/nifedipine generally preferred. Crosses placenta.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; rarely indicated in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited human data; β-blocker class effects include fetal growth restriction and neonatal bradycardia/hypoglycemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Not established (1) · Older agent with substantial use experience but limited controlled data; case reports of neonatal sedation and transient hypertension with maternal use near term.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · One of the historically preferred IV agents for severe hypertension in pregnancy alongside labetalol and nifedipine.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Oral nifedipine is one of the preferred agents for severe hypertension in pregnancy and for tocolysis in preterm labor.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

None (83) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Leaves legal in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia; cocaine internationally controlled (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Schedule I (United States) (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · Unrestricted (food) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (22) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Not a controlled substance, like guanfacine and unlike the psychostimulant alternatives for ADHD'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1)