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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > classes : Classic Psychedelic or Sedative-Hypnotic or [[:Category:Antacids|Antacid (carbonate)]]

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generic:
brand:
None (78) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Dalmane (1) · Delysid (historical, Sandoz, withdrawn 1965) (1) · Doral (1) · Doriden (1) · Halcion (1) · Hetlioz (1) · Imovane (1) · Lunesta (1) · Mogadon (1) · Nembutal (1) · Placidyl (1) · ProSom (1) · Quaalude (1) · Restoril (1) · Rohypnol (1) · Rozerem (1) · Seconal (1) · Sonata (1) · THIP (1) · Tums, Caltrate, Os-Cal, Citracal; many generics (1) · Versed (1) · Xyrem (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
5-HT2A agonist (26) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · None (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2)
uses:
None (99) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012BB-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (99) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · Oral: 1000-1500 mg elemental calcium/day in divided doses for supplementation; IV gluconate 1 g (4.65 mEq) over 5-10 min for hyperkalemia or symptomatic hypocalcemia (1)
preparations:
None (99) · Carbonate 200, 400, 500, 600 mg elemental tablets and chewables; citrate 200, 250, 315 mg elemental; gluconate 1 g (94 mg elemental, 4.65 mEq) IV; chloride 1 g (270 mg elemental, 13.6 mEq) IV (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)
fda max:
None (99) · N/A (never approved) (1) · ~2500 mg elemental/d combined diet + supplements (chronic; UL) (1)
routes:
None (98) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · IV (gluconate or chloride for acute use) (1) · Oral (3) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (98) · 30–60 minutes (1) · Acute: minutes (IV); chronic: bone effect over months (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
None (98) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · 8–12 hours (1) · Variable (1)
halflife:
None (98) · 3–5 hours (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Not meaningfully described (electrolyte) (1)
bioavailability:
None (98) · 70–90% (oral) (1) · Carbonate ~30-40% (best with food and acid); citrate ~24% (absorbable without acid; preferred in achlorhydria, PPI use, post-bariatric) (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1)
pregnancy:
None (98) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Not established (1) · Routinely supplemented in pregnancy; needs higher in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (99) · OTC (oral supplements) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (IV) in US (1) · Schedule I (United States) (1)

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