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Medicines > classes : Classic Psychedelic or Sedative-Hypnotic or [[:Category:Disaccharides|Non-absorbable disaccharide]]

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generic:
brand:
None (78) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Dalmane (1) · Delysid (historical, Sandoz, withdrawn 1965) (1) · Doral (1) · Doriden (1) · Halcion (1) · Hetlioz (1) · Imovane (1) · Kristalose, Constulose, Generlac, Enulose (1) · Lunesta (1) · Mogadon (1) · Nembutal (1) · Placidyl (1) · ProSom (1) · Quaalude (1) · Restoril (1) · Rohypnol (1) · Rozerem (1) · Seconal (1) · Sonata (1) · THIP (1) · Versed (1) · Xyrem (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
5-HT2A agonist (26) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · None (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2)
uses:
None (99) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5D-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (99) · Constipation: 15-30 mL PO daily (titrate to 1-2 soft stools/day); hepatic encephalopathy: 20-30 g (30-45 mL) PO/PR every 1-2 hours acutely until soft stools, then BID-QID to target 2-3 soft stools/day (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
None (99) · 10 g/15 mL solution (Constulose); 10 g, 20 g powder packets (Kristalose) (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)
fda max:
None (99) · Indication-specific; HE may require high-volume dosing (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)
routes:
None (98) · especially in acute HE) (1) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (3) · rectal (enema (1) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (98) · 30–60 minutes (1) · Constipation: 24-48 hours; HE: ammonia reduction within hours of stool production (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
None (98) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · 8–12 hours (1) · Hours (1)
halflife:
None (98) · 3–5 hours (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Not meaningfully described — lactulose is not significantly absorbed (1)
bioavailability:
None (98) · 70–90% (oral) (1) · <3% systemic absorption (the basis of the safety and mechanism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F5E-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1)
pregnancy:
None (98) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Not established (1)
legal:
None (99) · Schedule I (United States) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)

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